radiation detection
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Author(s):  
Valeria Murgulov ◽  
Catherine Schweinle ◽  
Michael Daub ◽  
Harald Hillebrecht ◽  
Michael Fiederle ◽  
...  

AbstractSingle crystals of lead-free halide double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 sensor material manifest a remarkable potential for application in radiation detection and imaging. In this study, the purity and crystallinity of solution-grown Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals with cubic Fm$$\overline{3}$$ 3 ¯ m symmetry have been corroborated by powder XRD measurements, while the single crystal XRD patterns reveal the dominant {111} lattice planes parallel to the sample surfaces. A wider range of lower resistivity values (106–109 Ωcm) was obtained from the I-V measurements compared to the 1.55 × 109–6.65 × 1010 Ωcm values from the van der Pauw method, which is typically higher for the Ag than for the carbon paint electrodes. Charge-carrier mobility values estimated from the SCLC method for the carbon paint-Cs2AgBiBr6 (1.90–4.82 cm2V−1 s−1) and the Ag-Cs2AgBiBr6 (0.58–4.54 cm2V−1 s−1) including the density of trap states (109–1010 cm−3) are comparable. Similar values of 1.89 cm2V−1 s−1 and 2.36 cm2V−1 s−1 are derived from the Hall effect measurements for a sample with carbon and Ag electrodes, respectively. The key electrical parameters including the X-ray photoresponse measurements indicate that the Cs2AgBiBr6 samples synthesized in this study satisfy requirements for radiation sensors. Graphical abstract


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sosnowski ◽  
Grzegorz Bieszczad ◽  
Sławomir Gogler ◽  
Henryk Madura ◽  
Mariusz Felczak ◽  
...  

The infrared camera detects infrared radiation from the observed objects, Its main element is the array of infrared detectors, which converts the received radiation into an electrical signal. The radiation sources recorded by the detector can be divided as useful, received from the observed scene, and useless received from such objects as the detector housing and lens elements. These unusable radiation sources have a significant impact on the design of the detector itself. The article presents a model of the detector housing and a quantitative analysis of the influence of various radiation sources on the effectiveness of radiation detection from the observed scene.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan S. Iwanczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Iniewski

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. T12010
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
P. Qi ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
T. Gao ◽  
...  

Abstract Measuring the neutron energy spectrum is important in nuclear radiation detection and protection. Common neutron spectrometers include the Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS), time-of-flight neutron spectrometer, and plastic scintillation detector. Among them, the BSS is the most widely used for its wide measurement range and simple operation. A BSS usually occupies a large space because it contains several independent spheres working at the same time, leading to poor consistency. This paper proposes a multi-layer single-sphere spectrometer using water as the moderator. The spectrometer includes a multi-layered sphere that can be filled with water or air and a ^3He proportional counter placed in the center of the sphere. To verify the feasibility of this design, we use Geant4 to calculate the moderating ability of water and the response functions of the multi-layer single-sphere spectrometer. Additionally, several standard neutron energy spectra (from IAEA) are used to test the response characteristics of this spectrometer through simulation. The simulation results prove the feasibility of the design. This research provides a theoretical basis for a multi-layer single-sphere neutron spectrometer with water as the moderator.


Author(s):  
Miwako Takahashi ◽  
Shuntaro Yoshimura ◽  
Sodai Takyu ◽  
Susumu Aikou ◽  
Yasuhiro Okumura ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose To reduce postoperative complications, intraoperative lymph node (LN) diagnosis with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is expected to optimize the extent of LN dissection, leading to less invasive surgery. However, such a diagnostic device has not yet been realized. We proposed the concept of coincidence detection wherein a pair of scintillation crystals formed the head of the forceps. To estimate the clinical impact of this detector, we determined the cut-off value using FDG as a marker for intraoperative LN diagnosis in patients with esophageal cancer, the specifications needed for the detector, and its feasibility using numerical simulation. Methods We investigated the dataset including pathological diagnosis and radioactivity of 1073 LNs resected from 20 patients who underwent FDG-positron emission tomography followed by surgery for esophageal cancer on the same day. The specifications for the detector were determined assuming that it should measure 100 counts (less than 10% statistical error) or more within the intraoperative measurement time of 30 s. The detector sensitivity was estimated using GEANT4 simulation and the expected diagnostic ability was calculated. Results The cut-off value was 620 Bq for intraoperative LN diagnosis. The simulation study showed that the detector had a radiation detection sensitivity of 0.96%, which was better than the estimated specification needed for the detector. Among the 1035 non-metastatic LNs, 815 were below the cut-off value. Conclusion The forceps-type coincidence detector can provide sufficient sensitivity for intraoperative LN diagnosis. Approximately 80% of the prophylactic LN dissections in esophageal cancer can be avoided using this detector.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Richard Marer ◽  
Mark Biery

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7753
Author(s):  
Heng An ◽  
Detian Li ◽  
Shengsheng Yang ◽  
Xuan Wen ◽  
Chenguang Zhang ◽  
...  

In order to verify the performance of a graphene-based space radiation detection sensor, the radiation detection principle based on two-dimensional graphene material was analyzed according to the band structure and electric field effect of graphene. The method of space radiation detection based on graphene was studied and then a new type of space radiation sensor samples with small volume, high resolution, and radiation-resistance was formed. Using protons and electrons, the electrical performance of GFET radiation sensor was verified. The designed graphene space radiation detection sensor is expected to be applied in the radiation environment monitoring of the space station and the moon, and can also achieve technological breakthroughs in pulsar navigation and other fields.


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