scholarly journals Yak rumen microbial diversity at different forage growth stages of an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma ◽  
Shixiao Xu ◽  
Hongjin Liu ◽  
Tianwei Xu ◽  
Linyong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The rumen microbiota of ruminants plays a vital role in fiber digestion, and environmental factors affect its community structure. The yak (Bos grunniens) is the main livestock species that inhabits the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) at regions located at high-altitude of 3,000–5,000 m. This work investigated the rumen bacterial community of yak that grazed on the QTP during the whole year to evaluate the relationship between the rumen bacterial community and the nutrient composition of forage plant at three stages. In this study, the diversity of the rumen prokaryotic community composition was monitored in 10 full-grazing yak in an alpine meadow of the QTP. The nutrient composition of three forage growth stages was determined: re-green stage (REGY), grassy stage (GY), and withered stage (WGY). High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used. The results showed that the nutritive composition of the alpine meadow changed with the seasons: crude protein (CP) (13.22%) was high in forage during REGY (spring), while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (59.00%) was high during WGY (winter). Microbial diversity and richness were highest during REGY and the average number of operational taxonomic units from 30 samples was 4,470. The microbial composition was dominated by members of Bacteroidetes (51.82%), followed by Firmicutes (34.08%), and the relative microbial abundance changed in the three forage growth stages. Unweighted UniFrac distance PcoA showed that the bacterial community structure differed between REGY, GY, and WGY. Furthermore, taxonomic groups did not present differences regarding gender in these three stages. The rumen microbiota was enriched with functional potentials that were related to ABC transporters, the two-component system, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and metabolism of Purine, Pyrimidine, Starch and sucrose metabolism. Significant differences were found in the composition, diversity, and function of yak ruminal microorganisms during different forage growth stages. This indicates that microbial changes in the rumen depend on changes in the forage nutritional composition. These findings provide evidence on the rumen microbial diversity of yaks in the QTP.

scholarly journals Altitude influences microbial diversity and herbage fermentation in the rumen of yaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Fan ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Principal Coordinates

Abstract Background Rumen microbiota in ruminants are vital for sustaining good rumen ecology, health, and productivity. Currently, limited information is available regarding the response of yaks (Bos grunniens) to fluctuating environments, especially the rumen microbiome. To address this, we investigated the diet, rumen bacterial community, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) of rumen fluid of yaks raised in the great Qinghai-Tibet plateau (QTP) at 2800 (low altitude, L), 3700 (middle altitude, M), and 4700 m (high altitude, H) above sea level. Results The results showed that despite a partial diet overlap, H yaks harbored higher fibrous fractious contents than the M and L grazing yaks. Bacteria including Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcus_1, Romboutsia, Alloprevotella, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Clostridium, Streptococcus, and Treponema were found to be enriched in the rumen of yaks grazing at H. They also showed higher rumen microbial diversity and total VFA concentrations than those shown by yaks at M and L. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) on weighted UniFrac distances revealed that the bacterial community structure of rumen differed between the three altitudes. Moreover, Tax4fun metagenome estimation revealed that microbial genes associated with energy requirement and carbohydrate metabolic fate were overexpressed in the rumen microbiota of H yaks. Conclusions Collectively, our results revealed that H yaks had a stronger herbage fermenting ability via rumen microbial fermentation. Their enhanced ability of utilizing herbage may be partly owing to a microbiota adaptation for more energy requirements in the harsh H environment, such as lower temperature and the risk of hypoxia.

Effects of exclosure duration on the community structure and species diversity of an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
刘晓琴 LIU Xiaoqin ◽  
张翔 ZHANG Xiang ◽  
张立锋 ZHANG Lifeng ◽  
李英年 LI Yingnian ◽  
赵亮 ZHAO Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals Response of soil microbial communities to alpine meadow degradation severity levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenjuan zhang ◽  
xian xue ◽  
fei peng ◽  
quangang you ◽  
jing pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Alpine Meadow Degradation ◽  
Meadow Degradation

Soil microbial community structure is an effective indicator to reflect changes in soil quality. Little is known about the effect of alpine meadow degradation on the soil bacterial and fungal community. In this study, we used the Illumina MiSeq sequencing method to analyze the microbial community structure of alpine meadow soil in five different degradation levels (i.e., non-degraded (ND), slightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), severely degraded (SD), and very severely degraded (VD)) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the mainly bacterial phyla in meadow soil across all five degradation levels investigated. Basidiomycota was the mainly fungal phylum in ND; however, we found a shift from Basidiomycota to Ascomycota with an increase (severity) in degradation level. The overall proportion of Cortinariaceae exhibited high fungal variability, and reads were highest in ND (62.80%). Heatmaps of bacterial genera and fungal families showed a two-cluster sample division on a genus/family level: (1) an ND and LD group and (2) an SD, VD, and MD group. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that 79.7%and 71.3% of the variance in bacterial and fungal composition, respectively, could be explained by soil nutrient conditions (soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and moisture) and plant properties (below-ground biomass). Our results indicate that meadow degradation affects both plant and soil properties and consequently drives changes in soil microbial community structure.

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