scholarly journals A new genus of sinogaleaspids (Galeaspida, stem-Gnathostomata) from the Silurian Period in Jiangxi, China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9008
Author(s):  
Xianren Shan ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Wenjin Zhao ◽  
Zhaohui Pan ◽  
Pingli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Sensory Canal ◽  
Lower Silurian

Galeaspids are an endemic clade of jawless stem-gnathostomes known as ostracoderms. Their existence illuminates how specific characteristics developed in jawed vertebrates. Sinogaleaspids are of particular interest among the galeaspids but their monophyly is controversial because little is known about Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. Newly discovered sinogaleaspids from the Lower Silurian of Jiangxi, China provide a wealth of data and diagnostic features used to establish the new genus, Rumporostralis gen. nov., for Sinogaleaspis xikengensis. A morphological study showed that the sensory canal system of sinogaleaspids had mosaic features similar to those of three known galeaspids. There are 3–8 pairs of transverse canals in the Sinogaleaspidae, which suggests that the sensory canal system of galeaspid probably had a grid distribution with transverse canals arranged throughout the cephalic division. Phylogenetic analysis of Galeaspida supports the monophyly of the Sinogaleaspidae, consisting of Sinogaleaspis, Rumporostralis, and Anjiaspis. However, Shuyu and Meishanaspis form another monophyletic group, Shuyuidae fam. nov., which is outside all other eugaleaspidiforms. We propose a cladistically-based classification of Galeaspida based on our analysis.

scholarly journals Out of Xanthopygus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): escape from polyphyly

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1071 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Stylianos Chatzimanolis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Restricted Sense ◽  
Group A

Xanthopygus as currently defined is the largest genus in the subtribe Xanthopygina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) with 40 described species. However, the genus is poorly defined, morphologically heterogeneous and previous studies have questioned whether it is a natural group. A morphological (51 characters) Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed to test whether Xanthopygus is a monophyletic group. The analysis indicated that Xanthopygus was polyphyletic, and therefore species were split into four different genera. Xanthopygus nigricornis Scheerpeltz was transferred to Oligotergus as Oligotergus nigricorniscomb. nov. and Xanthopygus skalitzkyi (Bernhauer) was transferred to Styngetus as Styngetus skalitzkyicomb. nov. A new genus, Photinopygusgen. nov. was erected to accommodate the majority of the species previously in Xanthopygus and Xanthopygus sensu novo is used in a new restricted sense to accommodate the remaining species. Diagnostic features are provided to distinguish species in the genera Photinopygus and Xanthopygus from each other and all other Xanthopygina genera.

An Umbra-related Virus Found in Vasconcellea X Heilbornii (Caricaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F Cornejo-Franco ◽  
Francisco Flores ◽  
Dimitre Mollov ◽  
diego fernando quito-avila
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Overlapping Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract The complete sequence of a new viral RNA from babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii) was determined. The genome consisted of 4,584 nucleotides organized in two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs 1 and 2), a 9-nt-long noncoding region (NCR) at the 5’ terminus and a 1,843 -nt-long NCR at the 3’ terminus. Sequence comparisons of ORF 2 revealed homology to the RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) of several umbra- and umbra-related viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp placed the new virus in a well-supported and cohesive clade that includes umbra-like viruses reported from papaya, citrus, opuntia, maize and sugarcane hosts. This clade shares a most recent ancestor with the umbraviruses but has different genomic features. The creation of a new genus, within the Tombusviridae, is proposed for the classification of these novel viruses.

Ebbepterote, a new genus for the Australian 'Eupterote' expansa (T. P. Lucas), with a revised classification of the family Eupterotidae (Lepidoptera)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Oberprieler ◽  
W. A. Nässig ◽  
E. D. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Tarsal Segment ◽  
The Family

The single and endemic species of Eupterote Hübner recorded from Australia is shown not to possess the male genitalia typical of this genus, nor of any other genus of Eupterotidae, and it is consequently placed in a new genus, Ebbepterote Oberprieler, Nässig & Edwards, as E. expansa (T. P. Lucas, 1891), comb. nov. Its genitalia are compared with those of many Asian and African genera of Eupterotidae, resulting in a revised classification and redefinition of the major eupterotid lineages. Five groups are defined: a probably paraphyletic 'basal' Ganisa-group and likely monophyletic subfamilies Janinae (including Tissanga Aurivillius and Hibrildes Druce), Striphnopteryginae, Eupterotinae and Panacelinae. Ebbepterote and the New Guinean 'Eupterote' styx Bethune-Baker species-complex are included in Striphnopteryginae, which is otherwise restricted to Africa. Cotana Walker is reassigned to Eupterotinae from Panacelinae and Sphingognatha Felder is resurrected from synonymy with Eupterote. The genitalia of Ebbepterote and several other critical genera are illustrated, demonstrating that the shape of the uncus does not constitute a suitable synapomorphy for defining the Eupterotidae as a monophyletic group. Another alleged eupterotid synapomorphy, the presence of a row of midventral spurs on the apical tarsal segment of the hindleg of the female, is shown to occur only sporadically in the family but also outside of it, in the lemoniid–brahmaeid–sphingid clade of Bombycoidea. As a result, the monophyly of the Eupterotidae currently rests only on a single, cryptic character of the mesoscutum of the imago and is in urgent need of substantiation.

Ambophthalmos, a new genus for "Neophrynichthys" angustus and "Neophrynichthys" magnicirrus, and the systematic interrelationships of the fathead sculpins (Cottoidei, Psychrolutidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L Jackson ◽  
Joseph S Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Osteological Characters ◽  
Cladistic Classification

The new genus Ambophthalmos is recognised for "Neophrynichthys" angustus and "Neophrynichthys" magnicirrus, two southern Pacific psychrolutids. A hypothesis of psychrolutid phylogenetic relationships based on parsimony analysis of osteological characters is presented. Two synapomorphic characters suggest that A. angustus and A. magnicirrus form a monophyletic group: the supratemporal is posteriorly fused to the posttemporal and arch 2 is medially fused to its antimere. Four characters suggest that Cottunculus is monophyletic and five synapomorphic characters suggest that Ambophthalmos is sister to Cottunculus. A cladistic classification of the Psychrolutidae includes five subfamilies sequenced as Dasycottinae, new; Eurymeninae, new; Cottunculinae, redefined; Malacocottinae, new; and Psychrolutinae, unchanged.

scholarly journals Crittendenia gen. nov., a new lichenicolous lineage in the Agaricostilbomycetes (Pucciniomycotina), and a review of the biology, phylogeny and classification of lichenicolous heterobasidiomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Ana M. Millanes ◽  
Paul Diederich ◽  
Martin Westberg ◽  
Mats Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution

AbstractThe lichenicolous ‘heterobasidiomycetes’ belong in the Tremellomycetes (Agaricomycotina) and in the Pucciniomycotina. In this paper, we provide an introduction and review of these lichenicolous taxa, focusing on recent studies and novelties of their classification, phylogeny and evolution. Lichen-inhabiting fungi in the Pucciniomycotina are represented by only a small number of species included in the genera Chionosphaera, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma. The phylogenetic position of the lichenicolous representatives of Chionosphaera has, however, never been investigated by molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear SSU, ITS, and LSU ribosomal DNA markers reveal that the lichenicolous members of Chionosphaera form a monophyletic group in the Pucciniomycotina, distinct from Chionosphaera and outside the Chionosphaeraceae. The new genus Crittendenia is described to accommodate these lichen-inhabiting species. Crittendenia is characterized by minute synnemata-like basidiomata, the presence of clamp connections and aseptate tubular basidia from which 4–7 spores discharge passively, often in groups. Crittendenia, Cyphobasidium and Lichenozyma are the only lichenicolous lineages known so far in the Pucciniomycotina, whereas Chionosphaera does not include any lichenicolous taxa.

scholarly journals Review of the New World genera of the Leafhopper Tribe Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocycbinae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 118-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Dmitry A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
One New Species

The genus-level classification of New World Erythroneurini is revised based on results of a phylogenetic analysis of 100 morphological characters. The 704 known species are placed into 18 genera. Erasmoneura Young and Eratoneura Young, previously treated as subgenera of Erythroneura Fitch, and Erythridula Young, most recently treated as a subgenus of Arboridia Zachvatkin, are elevated to generic status. Three species previously included in Erasmoneura are placed in a new genus, Rossmoneura (type species, Erythroneura tecta McAtee). The concept of Erythroneura is thereby narrowed to include only those species previously included in the nominotypical subgenus. New World species previously included in Zygina Fieber are not closely related to the European type species of that genus and are therefore placed in new genera. Neozygina, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura ceonothana Beamer, includes all species previously included in the “ceonothana group”, and Zyginama, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura ritana Beamer, includes most species previously included in the “ritana group” of New World Zygina. Five additional new genera are described to include other previously described North American Erythroneurini: Hepzygina, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura milleri Beamer and also including E. aprica McAtee; Mexigina, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura oculata McAtee; Nelionidia, n. gen., based on type species N. pueblensis, n. sp., three additional new species, and Erythroneura amicis Ross; Neoimbecilla, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura kiperi Beamer and one new species; and Illinigina, n. gen., based on type species Erythroneura illinoiensis Gillette. Five new genera, based on previously undescribed species, are also recognized: Aztegina, n. gen, based on A. punctinota, n. sp., from Mexico; Amazygina, n. gen., based on type species A. decaspina, n. sp., and three additional new species from Ecuador; Hamagina, n. gen., based on type species H. spinigera, n. sp., and two additional new species from Peru and Ecuador; Napogina, n. gen., based on type species N. recta, n. sp., and one additional new species from Ecuador; Perugina, n. gen., based on type species P. denticula, n. sp., from Peru; and Spinigina, n. gen., based on type species S. hirsuta, n. sp., and an additional new species from Peru. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the New World Erythroneurini consist of three lineages resulting from separate invasions from the Old World.

Guasuctenus gen. nov., a new Neotropical spider genus of Ctenidae (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
DANIELE POLOTOW ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
As Species

The new genus Guasuctenus gen. nov. is described based on the results of a recent phylogenetic analysis. This phylogeny, which included representatives of all Ctenidae subfamilies, showed that the genus Ctenus as currently defined, does not comprise a monophyletic group. The results indicated that several species are misplaced in Ctenus and should be transferred to new genera. Aiming to correct the placement of two species originally described in Ctenus, we propose the new genus Guasuctenus to accommodate those species and better represent their phylogenetic relationships. Guasuctenus is supported by the presence of a dorsal cymbial projection in the male palp. Previously regarded as a subspecies, Ctenus longipes vittatissimus Strand, 1916 is here ranked as species, and Guasuctenus longipes (Keyserling, 1891) new comb. and G. vittatissimus (Strand, 1916) new rank, new comb. are redescribed. Ctenus griseus Keyserling, 1891 is recognized as a junior synyonym of Ctenus longipes Keyserling, 1891. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of Guasuctenus vittatissimus (Strand, 1016) are designated for stability. The species of the genus are distributed in southern Brazil and Uruguay. 

Ontogeny and systematics of Toernquistiidae (Trilobita, Proetida) from the Ordovician of the Argentine Precordillera

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. E. Chatterton ◽  
Gregory D. Edgecombe ◽  
Beatriz G. Waisfeld ◽  
Norberto E. Vaccari
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Argentine Precordillera

The following new Toernquistiidae from Whiterockian (Llanvirn to lower Caradoc) strata of the Precordillera, western Argentina, are described: Chomatopyge canasi new species, Lasarchopyge benedettoi new genus and species, Lasarchopyge correae new genus and species, Lasarchopyge new species A, and Paratoernquistia sanchezae new genus and species. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the Toernquistiidae Hupé, 1953 (including Chomatopyge, Lasarchopyge, Mesotaphraspis, Paratoernquistia, and Toernquistia) is closely related to but distinct from the Dimeropygidae Hupé, 1953 (including Ischyrotoma, Ischyrophyma and Dimeropyge). It is difficult to find unique synapomorphies that unite toernquistiids and dimeropygids into a monophyletic group that excludes other proetides (e.g., hystricurids), although details of their ontogenies are similar. Several species of Toernquistiidae are known from the Argentine Precordillera (one species previously described), and other species of this family have been described from Australia, Baltica, China, Kazakhstan and Laurentia. Members of the Dimeropygidae are known only from Baltica and Laurentia.

Postispinatus youngi n. gen., n. sp. (Apseudomorpha; Tanaidacea; Crustacea): phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic remarks about kalliapseudids

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3192 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
KÁTIA CHRISTOL DOS SANTOS ◽  
WILLIAM SANTANA ◽  
ANA MARIA SETUBAL PIRES-VANIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Diagnostic Features

The presence of setae or a sensorial structure on the dactylus of pereopod 1 as one of the defining features of the familyKalliapseudidae is re-evaluated. A new genus, Postispinatus, including the new species P. youngi n. gen., n. sp., isdescribed and thought to belong to the Kalliapseudidae based on phylogenetic analysis. The diagnostic features of newgenus—and species by monotypy —are: basal article of uropod with two curved spiniform processes; exopods on the fourth and fifth pereopods of the manca stage; absence of a maxillule palp.

Revision of Afromaculepta gen. n., a monophyletic group of Afrotropical galerucine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Ruth Hasenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractMonolepta frontalis Chevrolat, 1837, a species described from the Cape of Good Hope, shows strong differences in external and genitalic characters from M. bioculata (Fabricius, 1781), type species of Monolepta Chevrolat, 1837. Herein, M. frontalis Chevrolat, 1837 is transferred to Afromaculepta gen. n., and designated as type species. Monolepta octomaculata Jacoby, 1895, and M. decemmaculata Jacoby, 1886 are also transferred to the new genus. Further, four nominal species, Monolepta estcourtiana Jacoby, 1899, M. contaminata Weise, 1914, M. nodieri Laboissière, 1919, and M. senegalensis Bryant, 1948 are newly synonymised with Afromaculepta decemmaculata (Jacoby, 1886). Three new species of Afromaculepta are described: A. klausi sp. n., A namibiae sp. n., and A. ursulae sp. n. This study, based on revision of material from all major collections, includes distribution maps, an identification key, and a phylogenetic analysis.

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