Background/Aim. Combined spinal-epidural-general anesthesia has several
advantages over general anesthesia alone. This study was designed to compare
the efficacy of intrathecal (IT) morphine alone, or in combination with
bupivacaine and fentanyl, as part of a combined spinal-epidural (CSE)
analgesia, in patients undergoing elective total gastrectomy. Methods. This
prospective, randomized double-blind study included 60 patients undergoing
total gastrectomy under general anesthesia and CSE. We compared the analgesic
effect of lumbar IT morphine 300 ?g (the group M, n = 20) vs morphine 300 ?g
+ bupivacaine 2 mg (the group MB, n = 20) vs morphine 300 ?g + bupivacaine 2
mg + fentanyl 25 ?g (the group MBF, n = 20) given after thoracic epidural
catheter placement (T6-7) but before general anesthesia induction. Pain
visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest (R), with movement (M) and with cough
(C), and the number of analgesia requests were assessed for 72 h and after
epidural catheter removal. Results. Compared to other groups, the MBF group
required significantly fewer additional intra-operative epidural bupivacaine
doses (p < 0.001), whereas the M group required significantly more
supplemental intraoperative intravenous fentanyl, compared with the MBF (p =
0.022) and MB groups (p = 0.005). Postoperative pain relief was satisfactory
in all the groups at all the time. VAS-R and VAS-M did not differ
significantly among the groups. Compared to the M group, VAS-C scores 30 min
postoperatively were significantly lower in the MBF (p = 0.029) and MB groups
(p = 0.002). Duration of analgesia was longer in the MBF and MB groups, but
the difference reached no significance. The number of supplemental analgesia
requests was similar in all the groups in the first 12 h and during 72 h.
Additional analgesia requests after epidural catheter removal were similar in
all the groups, and side effects were infrequent. Conclusion. Compared to IT
morphine alone, triple IT combination administered as part of CSE provided
better intraoperative analgesia, but conferred no benefit with regards to
postoperative analgesia.