scholarly journals COVID-19 and Psychological Effects: A Review in Clinical Psychology Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post Traumatic

The purpose of this review study is to examine the psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on individuals in different groups. When the literature is examined, it can be stated that this epidemic causes negative emotional reactions such as anxiety, fear, and anger in adults, increases stress levels, increases their susceptibility to psychological disorders such as anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and causes suicidal thoughts and insomnia. It can be stated that fear and anxiety are experienced intensely in children and adolescents, anxiety disorders increase, and their parents need to make explanations appropriate to their children's cognitive levels to prevent these disorders. It is indicated that health workers struggling with the epidemic on the field have symptoms related to anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depressive disorders. They experience sleep disorders and their effective problem-solving skills decrease due to the stress and conflicts they experience. In the light of this information, it can be thought that it is important that health authorities and the media emphasize issues such as raising awareness about symptoms related to psychological disorders, activities that support psychological health, and the importance of receiving psychological support when necessary. In the last part of the study, it was aimed to make suggestions for future research about pandemic related psychological disorders in our country. In this context, it has been suggested that studies can be carried out related to exposure to traumatic contents in the media, curfew, how being in certain age groups affect individuals, the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention interventions and various psychological interventions, and the effective use of social support mechanisms in the pandemic process. Keywords COVID-19, psychological effects, psychological disorders, clinical psychology, post traumatic stress disorder

Hormonal Contraception and the Brain: Examining Cognition and Psychiatric Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Stephanie Laird ◽  
Luke J. Ney ◽  
Kim L. Felmingham ◽  
Andrea Gogos
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Brain

Background: The combined oral contraceptive pill (OC), containing synthetic estrogens and progestins, is used by millions of women worldwide, yet little is known about its effects on cognition or on psychiatric disorders. The progestin component of OCs determines their androgenicity, i.e. whether the OC has androgen binding components with masculinising effects or antiandrogenic components with feminising effects. Objective: The present review discusses the literature surrounding OC use and cognition in healthy women. Given the important role that sex hormones play in psychiatric disorders, we also consider the influence of OCs on symptoms of schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and indirectly, sleep quality. Results: Research has shown that while there are no differences between OC users and non-users, androgenic OCs enhance visuospatial ability and anti-androgenic OCs enhance verbal fluency. Little is known about OCs effects on other cognitive domains, such as memory and executive function. There is little research examining OC use in schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders. There is some evidence that OC use is associated with depression, however the exact causality of this association remains to be verified. Conclusion: We maintain that future studies need to address several methodological limitations, such as separating OCs based on androgenicity to avoid the masking effects that occur when various OCs are considered as one group. As this review highlights several significant effects of OC use on the brain, the implications of OC use needs to be considered in future research.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seedat
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01119);" data-canvas-width="421.07550000000003">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is among the most prevalent</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979077);" data-canvas-width="419.514">anxiety disorders, both in terms of lifetime and 12-month prevalence</div>rates documented in epidemiological studies worldwide.

PTSD and War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary H. Wynn ◽  
David M. Benedek ◽  
Joshua C. Morganstein ◽  
Robert J. Ursano
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Modern Era

War and its psychological effects have always been a part of the human experience. The inextricable link between war and what we now term post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been evident across time, from early literature and accounts of war through the early stages of modern medicine. This chapter walks the reader through a brief history of PTSD as it existed prior to the creation of the diagnosis in 1980, followed by a discussion of the modern era of psychiatry and PTSD. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the future of war, given coming technological advances and the potential impacts of these changes on PTSD.

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