scholarly journals What is the role of roles? Exploring the link between social roles and women’s alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Grittner ◽  
Zsofia Nemeth ◽  
Sandra Kuntsche ◽  
Beate Gaertner ◽  
Kim Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Grittner, U., Nemeth, Z., Kuntsche, S., Gaertner, B., & Bloomfield, K. (2015). What is the role of roles? Exploring the link between social roles and women’s alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 139-149. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.211Aims: This paper investigates how social roles are related to alcohol use among women in low- and middle-income countries.Methods: Cross-sectional data were used from 25-49-years-old women in 11 low- and middle-income countries from the GenACIS project. Dependent variables were current drinking and risky drinking (10+gr/day). Information on partnership, parenthood and having paid labour were used as social role measures. Multiple and multilevel regression analyses were carried out to test whether holding several roles are related to current and risky drinking.Results: Having paid work was associated with current and risky drinking across countries. Having a partner and having children were associated with a higher likelihood of abstention. With regard to country level characteristics per capita consumption was significantly related to both current drinking and risky drinking among women, while gross national income was significantly associated only with current drinking. Gender equality within the country did not have a significant association with women’s drinking. Concerning differing role combinations, working single women without children were most likely to be risky drinkers, while women who were not working and had a partner and children were the least likely.Conclusions: Paid labour was a substantial singular factor positively associated with women’s drinking. In addition, with the exception of Argentina and Kazakhstan, high per capita consumption on country level was associated with higher prevalence of risky drinking among women.

scholarly journals Predictors of Contemporary under-5 Child Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Kirby Deater-Deckard ◽  
Jennifer E. Lansford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Child Mortality (CM) is a worldwide concern, annually affecting as many as 6.81% children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We used data of the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) (N = 275,160) from 27 LMIC and a machine-learning approach to rank 37 distal causes of CM and identify the top 10 causes in terms of predictive potency. Based on the top 10 causes, we identified households with improved conditions. We retrospectively validated the results by investigating the association between variations of CM and variations of the percentage of households with improved conditions at country-level, between the 2005–2007 and the 2013–2017 administrations of the MICS. A unique contribution of our approach is to identify lesser-known distal causes which likely account for better-known proximal causes: notably, the identified distal causes and preventable and treatable through social, educational, and physical interventions. We demonstrate how machine learning can be used to obtain operational information from big dataset to guide interventions and policy makers.

scholarly journals An International Analysis of Dialysis Services Reimbursement

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van der Tol ◽  
Norbert Lameire ◽  
Rachael L. Morton ◽  
Wim Van Biesen ◽  
Raymond Vanholder
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background and objectivesThe prevalence of patients with ESKD who receive extracorporeal kidney replacement therapy is rising worldwide. We compared government reimbursement for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis worldwide, assessed the effect on the government health care budget, and discussed strategies to reduce the cost of kidney replacement therapy.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsCross-sectional global survey of nephrologists in 90 countries to assess reimbursement for dialysis, number of patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and measures to prevent development or progression of CKD, conducted online July to December of 2016.ResultsOf the 90 survey respondents, governments from 81 countries (90%) provided reimbursement for maintenance dialysis. The prevalence of patients per million population being treated with long-term dialysis in low- and middle-income countries increased linearly with Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita), but was substantially lower in these countries compared with high-income countries where we did not observe an higher prevalence with higher GDP per capita. The absolute expenditure for dialysis by national governments showed a positive association with GDP per capita, but the percent of total health care budget spent on dialysis showed a negative association. The percentage of patients on peritoneal dialysis was low, even in countries where peritoneal dialysis is better reimbursed than hemodialysis. The so-called peritoneal dialysis–first policy without financial incentive seems to be effective in increasing the utilization of peritoneal dialysis. Few countries actively provide CKD prevention.ConclusionsIn low- and middle-income countries, reimbursement of dialysis is insufficient to treat all patients with ESKD and has a disproportionately high effect on public health expenditure. Current reimbursement policies favor conventional in-center hemodialysis.

Socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy lifestyles in low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Dieteren ◽  
Igna Bonfrer
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background: The heavy and ever rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) warrants interventions to reduce unhealthy lifestyles. To effectively target these interventions, it is important to know how unhealthy lifestyles vary with socioeconomic characteristics. This study quantifies prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities in unhealthy lifestyles in LMICs, to identify policy priorities conducive to the Sustainable Development Goal of a one third reduction in deaths from NCDs by 2030.Methods: Data from 1,278,624 adult respondents to Demographic & Health Surveys across 22 LMICs between 2013 and 2018 are used to estimate crude prevalence rates and socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco use, overweight, harmful alcohol use and the clustering of these three in a household. Inequalities are measured by a concentration index and correlated with the percentage of GDP spent on health. We estimate a multilevel model to examine associations of individual characteristics with different unhealthy lifestyles.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use among men ranges from 59.6% (Armenia) to 6.6% (Nigeria). The highest level of overweight among women is 83.7% (Egypt) while this is less than 12% in Burundi, Chad and Timor-Leste. 82.5% of women in Burundi report that their partner is “often or sometimes drunk” compared to 1.3% in Gambia. Tobacco use is concentrated among the poor, except for the low share of men smoking in Nigeria. Overweight, however, is concentrated among the better off, especially in Tanzania and Zimbabwe (Erreygers Index (EI) 0.227 and 0.232). Harmful alcohol use is more concentrated among the better off in Nigeria (EI 0.127), while Chad, Rwanda and Togo show an unequal pro-poor distribution (EI respectively -0.147, -0.210, -0.266). Cambodia exhibits the largest socioeconomic inequality in unhealthy household behaviour (EI -0.253). The multilevel analyses confirm that in LMICs, tobacco and alcohol use are largely concentrated among the poor, while overweight is concentrated among the better-off.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of unhealthy lifestyles in LMICs and the socioeconomic variation therein. Given the different socioeconomic patterns in unhealthy lifestyles - overweight patters in LMICs differ considerably from those in high income countries- tailored interventions towards specific high-risk populations are warranted.

The role of primary care in low- and middle-income countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Goldberg ◽  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
Nadja van Ginneken
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Packages of Care for Alcohol Use Disorders in Low- And Middle-Income Countries

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e1000170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Benegal ◽  
Prabhat K. Chand ◽  
Isidore S. Obot
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document