scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance by the Self-employed in Port Harcourt, Rivers State; A Contingent Valuation Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ikeokwu E. Anderson ◽  
Foluke O. Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Port Harcourt

Background/Aim: Urban Self-Employed Social Health Insurance (USSHIP), which is similar to Community-based health insurance schemes CBHI, USSHIP, is a package in the National Health Insurance Scheme NHIS specific but is not limited to self-employed individuals in Nigeria which has been rarely explored as instrument in financing healthcare in Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for USSHIP and its determinants amongst the self-employed in Port Harcourt. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 204 self-employed individuals selected from various trade association in Port Harcourt using semi-structured interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaires. An iterative bidding approach of the contingent valuation method was used to elicit maximum WTP for the schemes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine predictors to WTP. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 23 software. Results: The results show that 89.7% were willing to enrol into the program; the median WTP for the scheme per person/per month is ₦300 ($0.83). The predictors of WTP were marital status, level of education and mode of payment of healthcare. Conclusion: Sequel to the findings of this study, the WTP amount for social health insurance program by the self-employed is too small, the implications for these findings imply that with the amount stated, the program cannot be successfully implemented. Recognizing this low amount stated for WTP for USSHIP, which is insufficient to scale up the scheme, the government support for the program is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Willingness to Join and Pay for Social Health Insurance Scheme Among employees in Debere Berhan Town, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassie Negash Mekonnen ◽  
Mesfin Wondaferew ◽  
Adugnaw Birhane Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Health Insurance Scheme ◽  
Social Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
The Government

Abstract Back ground: Social Health Insurance improves access to health services among civil servants by removing catastrophic health expenditure. In Ethiopia, only 7.3% of the population covered by health insurance. Due to this fact the government of Ethiopia initiated Social Health Insurance scheme to be applied in the formal employers and employees with compulsory membership of the scheme. This study therefore aimed to assess willingness to join and pay for social health insurance scheme among government and private employees in Debere Berhan Town, Ethiopia .Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted .At mean time Stratified sampling technique was used to select 619 employees. A modified dichotomous contingent valuation method (CVM) was applied to elicit employees’ willingness to pay. Bi-variant and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done . Then the result at 95% CI and P value <0.05 was declared as variables have statistically significant association. Results: A total of 619 employees with response rate of 97.8% were participated in the study. About 406 (65%) of the respondents were willing to join to Social Health Insurance scheme. Of which 113 (27.8%) of employees were willing to pay the government proposed 3% premium. The employee’s average willingness to pay for social health insurance scheme was 1.88% of their monthly salary. In this study the odds of respondents who had degree and above (AOR=3.608, 95%CI 1.177-11.061), employees good perception on quality health service (AOR=3.150, 95% CI 1.140-8.699) and employees who perceive benefit packages of social health insurance as enough (AOR=5.229, 95%CI: 2.230-12 .594) were higher than the counter parts. Conclusion: Employees willingness to join of the Social Health Insurance scheme(SHIS) is low and very low number of employees agree to pay the government proposed premium for SHIS. So decision-makers should emphasize to revise the benefit packages and the premiums to be contributed. likewise insurance agency and all responsible bodies should aware the society about the importance of social health insurance for the employees.

scholarly journals Willingness to pay for private health insurance among workers with mandatory social health insurance in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochirbat Batbold ◽  
Christy Pu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Working Population

Abstract Background High out-of-pocket health expenditure is a common problem in developing countries. The employed population, rather than the general population, can be considered the main contributor to healthcare financing in many developing countries. We investigated the feasibility of a parallel private health insurance package for the working population in Ulaanbaatar as a means toward universal health coverage in Mongolia. Methods This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method to collect primary data from workers in public and primary sectors in Ulaanbaatar. Willingness to pay (WTP) was evaluated using a contingent valuation method and a double-bounded dichotomous choice elicitation questionnaire. A final sample of 1657 workers was analyzed. Perceptions of current social health insurance were evaluated. To analyze WTP, we performed a 2-part model and computed the full marginal effects using both intensive and extensive margins. Disparities in WTP stratified by industry and gender were analyzed. Results Only < 40% of the participants were satisfied with the current mandatory social health insurance in Mongolia. Low quality of service was a major source of dissatisfaction. The predicted WTP for the parallel private health insurance for men and women was Mongolian Tugrik (₮)16,369 (p < 0.001) and ₮16,661 (p < 0.001), respectively, accounting for approximately 2.4% of the median or 1.7% of the average salary in the country. The highest predicted WTP was found for workers from the education industry (₮22,675, SE = 3346). Income and past or current medical expenditures were significantly associated with WTP. Conclusion To reduce out-of-pocket health expenditure among the working population in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, supplementary parallel health insurance is feasible given the predicted WTP. However, given high variations among different industries and sectors, different incentives may be required for participation.

Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 918-928
Author(s):  
Tamara Popic
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Insurance Model ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter offers an in-depth look at health politics and the universal health system in Serbia based on compulsory social health insurance. It traces the development of the Serbian healthcare system after the breakup of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, characterized by a move from the self-managed insurance model to a more standard Bismarckian health insurance system combined with passive privatization. Despite efforts to restructure healthcare provision through a reform in 2005, the system’s two-tier structure remains firmly entrenched, protected by professional interests. The chapter highlights other healthcare issues including long waiting lists and corruption.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay For Health Insurance in Sarawak, Malaysia: A Contingent Valuation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Azizah Azhar ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mohd Taha Arif
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Preference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Valuation Method

Background and objective: One of the suggested ways of financing health care is health insurance combined with general taxation. This study aimed to assess the willingness to pay for health insurance among the adult population and the factors thereof.Methods: A multi-stage cluster sampling with cross sectional study design was adopted to select the respondents. Data was collected by face to face interview. A total of 1018 data was analyzed with response rate of 84.3%. The data on willingness to pay for insurance was collected using the contingent valuation method with bidding style. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS 22.0 version. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Data analysis revealed that about half (46.7%) of the respondents agrees to pay monthly health insurance premium. Among those who were unwilling to pay, 81.3% were unable to afford the monthly insurance. Logistic regression analysis revealed that occupation, level of education, gender, marital status, monthly family income and treatment preference appeared to be potential predictors for willingness to accept health insurance (p<0.05).Recommendation: The key policy priority is to increase the awareness of the public regarding the benefits of health insurance, and to increase willingness to pay rate.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.230-237

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance and Associated Factors among Health Care Providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abel Mekonne ◽  
Benyam Seifu ◽  
Chernet Hailu ◽  
Alemayehu Atomsa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Government

Background. Cost sharing between beneficiaries and government is critical to attain universal health coverage. The government of Ethiopia introduced social health insurance to improve access to quality health services. Hence, HCP are the ultimate frontline service provider; their WTP for health insurance could influence the implementation of the scheme directly or indirectly. However, there is limited evidence on willingness to pay (WTP) for social health insurance (SHI) among health professionals. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 1st to August 15th, 2019. A total sample of 480 health care providers was selected using a multistage sampling method. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the associated factor outcome variable. The association was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at a P value less than 0.05. Result. A total of 460 health care providers responded to the questionnaire, making a 95.8% response rate. Of the respondents, only 132 (28.7%) were WTP for SHI. Higher educational status [AOR=2.9, 95% CI (1.2-7.3)], higher monthly income [AOR=2.2, 95% CI (1.2-4.3)], recent family illness [AOR=2.4, 95% CI (1.4-4.4)], and a good awareness about SHI [AOR=4.4, 95% CI (2.4-7.8)] showed significant association with WTP for SHI. The main reasons for not WTP were thinking the government should cover the cost, preferring out-pocket payment and the provided SHI scheme does not cover all the health care costs health care providers lost interest in pay for SHI. Conclusion and Recommendation. The majority of health care providers were not willing to pay for the introduced SHI scheme. The provided SHI scheme should be clear and provide special consideration for health care providers as the majority of them receives free health care service from their employer health care institution. Also, the government, health professional associations, and other concerned stakeholders should provide awareness creation programs by targeting low and middle-level health professionals in order to increase WTP for SHI among health care providers.

scholarly journals Does the self-employment status affect the rural migrants’ health in China: the transmission channel of social health insurance?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Qiushi Wu ◽  
Juan Ming
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Self Employment

Abstract Background There are growing attentions paid on rural migrants’ health. Previous studies found that rural migrants are more exposed to disease risks. The present study aims to explore the causal effect of self-employment behavior on the rural migrants’ health status, two issues are addressed to discuss: Does self-employment status affect the health of rural migrants? What is the potential mechanism linking the self-employment behavior and health status? Methods The dataset from the 2017 National Migrants Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey (NMPDMS-2017) is applied to explore the causal effect; the Logit regression is performed to make baseline estimation, while the IV-LPM estimation is applied to correct the endogeneity of self-employment. Additionally, the Logit regression is conducted to explore the transmission channel. Results The self-employed are more susceptible to sub-health status (OR= 1.042; 95% CI= 1.001, 1.084) and chronic disease (OR= 1.394; 95% CI= 1.317, 1.476), even when correcting the endogeneity, the causal effect estimation also demonstrates that the self-employed are more vulnerable to suffer sub-health status (Coefficient= 0.067; 95% CI= 0.050, 0.084) and chronic disease (Coefficient= 0.020; 95% CI= 0.008, 0.032). The self-employed are less likely to participate in social health insurance (OR= 0.057; 95% CI= 0.053, 0.061). Conclusion The self-employed are more likely to suffer sub-health status and chronic disease, the self-employment behavior take harmful effect on the rural migrants’ health. Social health insurance may serve as transmission channel linking self-employment and rural migrants’ health, that is, the self-employed are less prone to participate in the urban health insurance program, which induce to an insufficient health service to maintain health.

scholarly journals Health Believes and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Social Health Insurance in Post Conflicts Fragile State South Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lado Gwokorok
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Fragile State ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
South Sudanese

Abstract Background Funding of healthcare in Post conflict fragile state South Sudan is mainly done by international donors. Economic growth in such states, is likely to plunge between ($ 1.4 and $ 2.8) billion. Post conflict fragile states have higher rate of infectious and communicable diseases. Aim is to establish that post conflict fragile state South Sudanese are willing to pay for social health insurance. The study is to fill this literature gap.Households are susceptible and varies in health risks behaviour. Sudden illness sparks sense of illness affecting. Households cue to providing medical treatments. Successful treatments inspired households. Our desire to achieve in the community; enhances believes in treatment helping illness. MethodsA modified version of (Form (II), questionnaire was used in this research. The aim was to measure the health believes of Post Conflict Fragile State South Sudanese and willingness to pay for social health insurance. A Two-way analysis of variance was used. There were 205 females and 518 males among the sampled, family sizes. Household income, was 5,00 to above 3,600 South Sudanese pounds. Type of pecuniary were (land ownerships, cash deposits, crop stock, animal stock, machinery). Respondents were asked years’ worked on range of (3, 7, 11) years.Results A mean of approximately 3,777 South Sudanese pounds ($ 32 USD) was established. The female gender had mean of about 3,134 SSPs compared to 4,032 SSPs of the male counterpart. Family sizes, (11 to 15) and (16 to 20) heads had mean of 6,429 and 5,036 pounds. The model was able to explain 37.03% percent of the mean variations, (P-value = 0.0045). Discussion This finding is superior to the $ 11.12 annual premium from Northeast Ethiopia. This research has noted the shift in individual behaviour towards preventive health behaviours. The degree of fragility is a limitation.Conclusions Social health insurance can finance healthcare services in post conflict fragile state South Sudan. Health believed model is relevant to health insurance and it is important in demonstrating behavioral change.

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