scholarly journals Agronomic Management Strategies for Yield-Scaled Global Warming Potential under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Suborna Roy Choudhury ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
Seema . ◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Greenhouse gas emissions have an indirect impact on crop production and are primary sources of the global warming. A field experiment was carried out to examine the effect of management practice (i.e. culmination of tillage and nutrient management) on GHGs emission and its subsequent effect on agronomic productivity and subsequent impact on global warming. There were three different crop establishment methods as main plot treatments: M1 (Rice: SRI, Wheat: Conventional tillage), M2 (Rice: Transplanted Puddle rice, Wheat: Conventional tillage + 30% residue incorporation), M3 (Rice: DSR, Wheat: Zero tillage + 30% residue retention) and four nutrient management as sub plot treatments viz. S1(100% of Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) through inorganic sources), S2 (75% of RDF through inorganic sources + 25% N of RDF through organic sources), S3 (50% of RDF through inorganic sources + 50% N of RDF through organic sources), S4 (S1 + mung bean as green-manure). After conducting three year of experiment (2013-2016), it has been found that the DSR emitted lower CH4 (1.39 mg m-2 hr-1), CO2 (0.57 mg m-2 hr-1) and N2O (0.36 mg m-2 hr-1) at the maximum tillering stage of rice. The same trend was followed under zero tillage with30% residue retention in wheat with lower emission range of all three gases i.e. 0.95, 1.29 and 0.58 mg m-2 hr-1 respectively. Lowest emission of CH4 and CO2 with the values of 1.87 and 1.24 mg m-2 hr-1 respectively from rice and 1.57 and 3.23 mg m-2 hr-1 from wheat was observed under 100% RDF through inorganic fertilization, whereas, N2O emission was just reverse to emission pattern of CH4 and CO2. Crop establishment through minimum soil disturbance with residue retention under rice- wheat cropping sequence along with 100% RDF through mineral fertiliser along with green manure could be one of the stable agronomic strategies under lower GHGs emission scenarios.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage and crop establishment practices on performance of rice (Oryza sativa) under rice-wheat cropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
PRATIBHA KUMARI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during Kharif season of 2018. The experiment consisted of six combinations of different tillage methods and crop establishment practices with four-time replicated under randomized block design. Zero tillage [direct seeded rice - wheat (Full CA; anchored residue of rice and wheat + mungbean residue retention)]showed significantly higher plant height, number of tillers m-2and chlorophyll content as compared to the other treatments, while the lowest values of these parameters were observed under conventional tillage (rice-wheat without residue). There was a steady rise in plant height and number of tillers with age of plant under all the treatments. The yield and its attributes were significantly higher under zero tillage [direct seeded rice - wheat (full CA; anchored residue of rice and wheat + mungbean residue retention)] followed by treatments zero tillage [direct seeded rice - wheat (full CA; anchored residue of rice and wheat)]. While, the poor yield was reported in conventional tillage (rice-wheat without residue). Zero tillage [direct seeded rice - wheat (full CA; anchored residue of rice and wheat + mungbean residue retention)] increased nutrient use efficiency in term of partial factor productivity of applied NPK in rice crop.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage and Crop Establishment Methods, Crop Residues, and Nitrogen Levels on Wheat Productivity, Energy-savings and Greenhouse Gas Emission under Rice -Wheat Cropping System

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. Sah ◽  
S. C. Shah ◽  
S. K. Sah ◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
A. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Residue Retention

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate conventional tillage (CT), permanent raised bed (PRB), and zero tillage (ZT) with residue retention and removal at three nitrogen levels (0, 100, and 120 kg N ha-1) on wheat productivity, energy input and energy output, energy use efficiency, specific energy, and CO2 emission from 2010 to 2012 under rice-wheat system at Pheta V.D.C, Bara, Nepal. The experiments were carried out in strip split plot designs with three replications. Zero tillage wheat produced significantly higher grain yield (2616.5 kg ha-1), saved 10.4 % energy input, increased energy output (12.4 %), enhancing energy use efficiency by 25.2 % and reducing specific energy by 23.6 %, as compared to conventional tillage. Diesel consumption on crop establishment and irrigations were the lowest for ZT (48.6 liter ha-1) and the highest for CT (86.3 liter ha-1). PRB consumed the lowest quantity of diesel on two irrigations (34.6 liter ha-1) with higher energy use efficiency (3.4 %) and lower specific energy (8.76 MJ kg-1) over CT. The CO2 emission from CT was the highest (224.32 kg ha-1) over ZT (126.4 kg ha-1) and PRB (146.11 kg ha-1). Residue retention increased 4 % grain yield over residue removal. Without nitrogen application, energy output was the lowest (34192 MJ ha-1) with the highest specific energy (12.6 MJ kg-1). Thus, zero-till wheat with 40-cm residue retention and 100 kg N ha-1 application was suggested for mass scale adoption in the Tarai region of Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12104      Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 1-10

scholarly journals Productivity and soil attributes as influenced by resource conservation technologies under rice- wheat system in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sah ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
SK Sah ◽  
RB Thapa ◽  
A McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Residue Retention

Rice-wheat system provides food, income, and employment to over 83 % of the people and contributes to national food security in Nepal. Sustainability of the system is under threat because of increasing cultivation cost and declining soil fertility. On-farm experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tillage and crop establishment methods, crop residue management, and nitrogen levels that affect soil attributes and productivity of the rice-wheat system during 2010- 2011at Bara, Nepal. The treatment consisted of three tillage and crop establishment methods viz. Conventional tillage (CT), Permanent bed planting (PB), and Zero-tillage (ZT); two residue management levels viz. Residue retention and Residue removal; and three nitrogen levels viz. Zero nitrogen, farmer’s dose (80 and 100 kgha-1 N for rice and wheat, respectively), and abundant nitrogen (120 kgha-1 N for both rice and wheat crop). The experiments were laid out in strip-split plot design with three replications. The research results revealed that rice grain yield was significantly higher in the plots receiving N level as applied by farmers that was similar to abundant nitrogen dose. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher with zero tillage compared to permanent bed planting and conventional tillage. Significantly higher wheat grain yield was also obtained due to abundant nitrogen dose than zero dose nitrogen which was similar to farmers’ dose of N as well. There was no significant difference in grain yield of rice and wheat due to residue retention, although, it improved soil moisture. In wheat crop, zero-till planting and increased nitrogen application conserved soil moisture, enhanced soil electrical conductivity and lowered soil temperature. It can be concluded that rice and wheat can be grown successfully with zero tillage and farmer’s nitrogen dose without any yield penalty. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 64-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9007

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Thapa ◽  
Keshab Raj Pande ◽  
Baburam Khanal ◽  
Santosh Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168 

scholarly journals Effect of Different Tillage Options and Residue Retention for Sustainable Crop Production in Wheatmungbean- Rice Cropping Pattern in Dry Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
MI Hossain ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Ohab ◽  
MHR Sheikh ◽  
BL Nag
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Straw Retention ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Conventional Practice ◽  
Residue Retention

The study was conducted to know the productivity and soil fertility status of intensified rice-wheat (RW) systems by adding a third pre-rice crop mungbeani.ewheat-mungbeanrice cropping pattern. The trial comprises five packages of practices including crop residue retention, seeding methods with tillage options imposed on the component crops in the same cropping pattern. The results indicated that keeping standing 30% crop residue in the field with minimum disturbance of soil had significant contribution on grain yield of wheat-mungbean-rice sequence compare to conventional practice of well-till without crop residue retention. System productivity and fertility were evaluated under five levels of tillage options (zero, strip, raised bed, minimum tillage by power tiller operated system (PTOS) and conventional tillage practice (CTP) in a RWM cropping pattern. Both permanent raised bed and strip till with 30% straw retention produced the highest productivity in all years and the lowest yield was also found from conventional practice with 30% straw retention.Soil organic matter in surface soil had increased by 0.12% after 3years crop cycles with 30% SR from rice and wheat and full residue retention from mungbean crop. Straw retention is an important component of soil management and may have long term positive impacts on soil quality. The combination of raised bedsystems and strip tillage with 30% residues retained appears to be a very promising technology for sustainable intensification of wheat-mungbean-rice croppingpattern in dry zone areas. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 67-75

CROP UTILIZATION OF PLACED AND BROADCAST 15N-UREA FERTILIZER UNDER ZERO AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N

Growth chamber and field studies were conducted to assess the relative utilization of placed and broadcast 15N-urea by spring wheat. The field studies were conducted on zero and conventional (shallow) tillage systems, of 4-yr duration, located on Chernozemic soils at two locations in Saskatchewan. Placement below the seeding depth in comparison to broadcast application, generally reduced fertilizer N immobilization and increased fertilizer N uptake, recovery, and efficiency. Under moisture stress, placed applications were effective in enhancing dry matter yield and total N uptake. It is concluded that fertilizer N placement for these two contrasting tillage systems should be identical, thus some soil disturbance under zero tillage may be necessary to achieve optimum crop use of applied fertilizer N. The dominant N transformation processes and possible tillage induced differences, in regard to methods of N application, are discussed. Key words: Placed and broadcast N application, N efficiency, N utilization, 15N-urea, zero tillage, soil moisture

The Global Uptake of Conservation Agriculture and the Impact on Water-Related Ecosystem Services

2018 ◽  
pp. 689-708
Author(s):  
Amir Kassam ◽  
David Coates
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Current Spread ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Approach

Conventional tillage agriculture has a built-in propensity for soil erosion and land degradation leading to loss of ecosystem services that are required to sustain agricultural production as well as minimize off-farm impacts. It is associated with suboptimal crop and land productivity. The global uptake of Conservation Agriculture (CA), which is a recognized flagship alternative crop production approach, is built upon three practical interlinked principles of: no or minimum mechanical soil disturbance (‘no-till’), soil cover management, and diversified cropping. The current spread of CA globally is 180 M ha of annual cropland (12.5 per cent), increasing annually at 10 M ha. Knowledge of how CA positively affects ecosystem services at the field and landscape level, with emphasis on water-related services and food security, shows that CA has the potential to meet, or exceed, most of the current shortfall in projected global agricultural water demand by 2050.

Sesbania brown manuring improves soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice bread wheat and chickpea

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Naqib Ullah ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Residue Retention

Summary Continuous rotation of rice with wheat in rice–wheat system has resulted in stagnant yields and reduced profit margins while deteriorating the soil health. Legume incorporation in existing rice–wheat rotations might be a viable option to improve soil health and productivity. We investigated the influence of puddled transplanted flooded rice and direct-seeded rice on weed dynamics, soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice wheat and chickpea grown under zero tillage and conventional tillage. The previous direct-seeded rice crop was either sown alone or intercropped with sesbania as brown manure. The experiment comprised different rice–wheat and rice–chickpea systems which had been in place for two years: with and without rice residue retention. The initial soil analysis indicated that the plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice had the lowest soil bulk density (17.2%) and highest soil porosity (19.3%). Zero tillage in wheat or chickpea in the plots previously cultivated with co-culture of sesbania and direct-seeded rice increased total soil organic carbon by 13–22% in both years. The plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice followed by zero till or conventional till wheat and the plots with direct-seeded rice followed by zero till wheat with rice residue retention recorded the greater concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. Zero tillage in wheat and chickpea in post-rice sesbania brown manuring plots produced 41% and 43% more grain yield than those in the puddled transplanted flooded rice with conventional tillage and had the highest profitability. Overall, the rice–chickpea systems had better soil health and profitability than rice–wheat cropping systems. In conclusion, direct-seeded rice intercropped with sesbania followed by wheat and chickpea under zero tillage suppressed weed flora and improved soil physical properties, nutrient availability, productivity, and profitability.

scholarly journals Effect of rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices on subsequent wheat crop grown under different establishment methods and nutrient management practices at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Puspa Dulal ◽  
◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of land management practices and residual effect of nutrient management practices of rice on the performance of subsequent wheat crop in the rice-wheat cropping system in Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during June 2018-March 2019. The experiment was executed in a split-plot, included two establishment methods viz. (i) conventional tilled dry direct-seeded rice followed by (fb) zero tillage wheat (CT-DDSR fb ZT) (ii) puddled transplanted rice followed by conventional tillage wheat (Pu-TPR fb CT) as main plot treatments, and four nutrient management practices: (i) 100% recommended dose (100% RDF; 150:45:45 and 80:60:40 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 respectively for rice and wheat), (ii) Residue retention @ 5 t ha-1 of wheat on rice fb residue of rice on wheat + 75% RDF of each crop (RR +75%RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (140:56:53; 140:60:45 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 for rice and wheat respectively), (iv) Brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice fb rice residue @ 3.5 t ha-1 in wheat +75% RDF of each crop (BM/GM fb R+75% RDF) as subplot treatments with three replications. The variety of wheat ‘Bijay’ was sown @120 kg ha-1 with spacing 20 cm × continuous. The data on phenology, yield, yield attributes, and economics were recorded and analyzed by R studio. The study revealed that none of the yield attributes and yield of wheat were significantly influenced by the establishment methods. Significantly more effective tillers (281.94 m-2) and grains per spike (44.48) and higher straw yield (5.95 t ha-1) were recorded under NE dose. The grain yield of wheat was 21% and 16% more under NE dose and BM/GM fb R+75% RDF respectively compared to 100% RDF. CT-DDSR fb ZT wheat had slightly less net returns (NRs. 4523 ha-1) than Pu-TPR fb CT-wheat. NE dose was the most profitable. Hence, rice establishment methods were indifferent but NE dose was the best nutrient management practice for better production and profitability for the wheat in the rice-wheat system.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Management through Target Yield Approach on Uptake and Soil Microflora in Maize – Wheat/Chickpea Sequence Cropping System under Different Tillage Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
K. A. Hiremath ◽  
A. S. Halepyati ◽  
B. M. Dodamani ◽  
M. A. Bellakki ◽  
B. M. Chittapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Stover Yield

A field trial was carried out during July month of kharif and October month of rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi to study the effect of nutrient management through target yield approach on uptake and soil microflora in maize – wheat/chickpea sequence cropping system under different tillage practices. The results indicated that the yield parameters of maize, wheat and chickpea at harvest did not influence due to tillage practices. All these yield parameters were relatively higher in zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 when compared to conventional tillage. Grain and stover yield of maize did not differ significantly due to different tillage management practices. But, zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 produced relatively higher yield (65.9 q ha-1) than the zero tillage (64.3 q ha-1) followed by conventional tillage (55.8 q ha-1). The higher organic carbon and soil microflora at different stages were noticed with zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1. The higher available NPK and their uptake by maize crop were also recorded in zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 followed by zero tillage compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage. The lower available NPK and their uptake by maize crop were recorded in conventional tillage and RDF. Further, due to nutrient management through target yield approach, the yield parameters of maize were differed significantly. Target yield of 10 t ha-1 exhibited significantly higher yield attributes at harvest when compared to other treatments except the targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF. The lowest values of these attributes were recorded in farmer’s practice of nutrient management followed by RDF. The grain yield and stover yield (69.9 q ha-1and 89.5 q ha-1, respectively) of maize was significantly higher with a targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF. The lowest grain and stover yield (53.6 q ha-1 and 74.3 q ha-1, respectively) was recorded in farmers practice followed by RDF. Significantly higher soil microflora, available NPK and their uptake by the maize crop was noticed in target yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF as compared to other treatments. The lowest soil microflora, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) and their uptake by the maize was recorded in farmers practice followed by RDF. The same trend was followed statistically for organic carbon due to different treatments. Non significant differences for grain and stover yield of maize was recorded due to interaction of tillage and nutrient management practices. Similar trend was also followed due to interaction of tillage and nutrient management practices for succeeding wheat and chickpea. The yield and yield parameters of wheat and chickpea did not differ due to tillage practices and target yield approaches followed for maize. Maize equivalent yield of wheat and chickpea and system productivity were followed same trend as that of maize yield. Among different tillage practices, zero tillage and zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 were recorded maximum net returns and higher BC ratio. Similarly, among different nutrient management practices, the target yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 was recorded maximum net returns and higher BC ratio as compare to other treatments.

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