scholarly journals Morpho-physiological and Yield Responses of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Genotypes to Frequency of Irrigation under Greenhouse Condition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Amsalu Gobena Roro ◽  
Mihret Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Use Efficiency

Introduction: The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.), is one of the root and tuber crops grown from low land to high land region of Ethiopia. However, its productivity depends on adaptability and tolerance to different environmental stresses and the capacity of the crop to enhance water use efficiency under moisture stress conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of irrigation interval on morpho-physiological characteristics of sweet potato varieties. Methodology: The trial was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in CRD design consisting: three irrigation intervals (daily-control), four days and seven days interval) combined with two sweet potato genotypes (Hawassa-83 and Kulfo) with three replications. Results: The morpho-physiological indicators, morphological traits, water use efficiency (WUE), Relative leaf water content (RLWC), leaf gas exchange, stomata density, and tuber yield were evaluated. The result indicated that morphological traits were significantly (P≤0.05) responded to genotype and irrigation frequencies. As compared to daily irrigation, an extended watering interval to seven days irrigation interval significantly reduced leaf number, vine length, branch number and internode length by 55.42, 19.83 cm, 2.17 and 0.35 cm, respectively. Stomata density was strongly responded to genotypes than effect of irrigation frequency. Genotype Hawassa-83 had approximately 2.0 more stomata per mm2 than genotype Kulfo regardless to irrigation frequency. The interaction effect between genotype and irrigation frequency revealed significant influence on photosynthesis and transpiration rate. The rate of assimilate accumulation was significantly reduced (by 9.97

scholarly journals Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affect Water-Use Efficiency, Drought Tolerance, and Responses to Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara K. Pitaloka ◽  
Robert S. Caine ◽  
Christopher Hepworth ◽  
Emily L. Harrison ◽  
Jen Sloan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract BackgroundRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the world’s most important crops and is especially important in Asia. Because irrigated rice consumes about 34–43% of the total water used for irrigation globally, increasing drought and global temperature will increase the risk of rice crop loss. However, rice is among the least efficient crops in terms of water use, whereby most of the uptaken water is used for transpirational cooling via stomatal pores on the leaf blades and sheaths. To increase the water-use efficiency of rice, alterations in stomatal density and size may help to reduce transpiration and thereby increase water-use efficiency (WUE). ResultsWe identified four stomatal model lines—with either high-density (HD) or low-density (LD) stomata and small-sized (SS) or big-sized (BS) stomata—from the Mutant Core Collection (MCC) of 216 mutants. Gas exchange analysis revealed that the stomatal model lines have similar photosynthetic assimilation (A) and chlorophyll fluorescence. With increasing CO2 concentration, A of all stomatal model lines was observed to respond similarly at 100–600 ppm CO2, but beyond this point, SS was more responsive to increasing CO2 concentration than the other stomatal model lines. HD had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and gsmax than the other stomatal model lines. In response to a mild heat at 30 °C, both SS and LD had higher canopy temperature than HD, BS, and JHN-wt as a result of heat retention. All stomatal model lines are also similar in their rhythmic stomatal responses to ten-minute dark/light transition cycles, except that initial stomata closure in SS was more rapid than in BS. The stomatal model lines did not show any significant differences in the response to short-term water stress. Long-term water stress had less impact on leaf drying, Fv/Fm, grain yield, and harvest index in LD and SS. In the field, all stomatal model lines and JHN-wt had similar WUE in the sufficient-water treatment. LD had the highest WUE and biomass/plant than any stomatal model lines in the long-term restricted-water treatment. ConclusionsTaken together, our results suggest that induced alterations in stomata density and size influence rice WUE and the responses to drought and heat stresses, providing further understanding of the roles of stomata density and size in related processes. The low-density and small stomata lines have high potential as genetic donors for improving WUE and drought in climate-ready rice.

Assessing water doses, water use efficiency and tomato quality under greenhouse conditions in Natabuela-Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ezcequiel Colimba Limaico ◽  
Sergio Zubelzu Minguez ◽  
Leonor Rodriguez Sinobas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>In Ecuador, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a main crop which production has been increase in the latest decade. The crop is grown throughout the country, although it is in the Sierra region where locate the greenhouse production areas. Tomato manufacturers face the water scarcity problems and in addition, the small and medium producers have little knowledge regarding the amount of water they should apply to the crop, and how they should manage. Considering this framework, this study first is aimed at determining the optimal water doses for tomato crop cultivated under greenhouse conditions in the Sierra region and second, it is aimed at establishing the best irrigation frequency. The experimental study was carried out from June to December 2020, in a metallic greenhouse with plastic cover, located in the Natabuela’s parish which belong to the city of Antonio Ante in the Imbabura province. The variables studied were:  two water doses (100% and 120% of the of the evapotraspiration, ET) and four irrigation frequencies (two irrigations and one irrigation a day, one irrigation every other day and one irrigation every two days). In total, eight treatments were evaluated in an 2 x 4 factorial design, under a completely random block distribution, with four repetitions. The results show that the 120% ET irrigation dose produces the highest plant vigor and total and commercial production, while the 100% ET irrigation dose presents a higher citric acid percentage and total soluble solids content. Likewise, both doses do not showed significant differences in their water use efficiency and pH. Therefore, if the increase in production is searching then, it would be advisable to apply the 120% ET dose, although if the search is for the production quality it would be better to apply 100% ET. Regarding the irrigation frequency, one or two irrigations a day produced higher plant vigor as well as higher production and water use efficiency. None of the irrigation frequencies studied had significant differences in plant height and fruit quality variables.</p><p> </p>

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