Assessing water doses, water use efficiency and tomato quality under greenhouse conditions in Natabuela-Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ezcequiel Colimba Limaico ◽  
Sergio Zubelzu Minguez ◽  
Leonor Rodriguez Sinobas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>In Ecuador, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a main crop which production has been increase in the latest decade. The crop is grown throughout the country, although it is in the Sierra region where locate the greenhouse production areas. Tomato manufacturers face the water scarcity problems and in addition, the small and medium producers have little knowledge regarding the amount of water they should apply to the crop, and how they should manage. Considering this framework, this study first is aimed at determining the optimal water doses for tomato crop cultivated under greenhouse conditions in the Sierra region and second, it is aimed at establishing the best irrigation frequency. The experimental study was carried out from June to December 2020, in a metallic greenhouse with plastic cover, located in the Natabuela’s parish which belong to the city of Antonio Ante in the Imbabura province. The variables studied were:  two water doses (100% and 120% of the of the evapotraspiration, ET) and four irrigation frequencies (two irrigations and one irrigation a day, one irrigation every other day and one irrigation every two days). In total, eight treatments were evaluated in an 2 x 4 factorial design, under a completely random block distribution, with four repetitions. The results show that the 120% ET irrigation dose produces the highest plant vigor and total and commercial production, while the 100% ET irrigation dose presents a higher citric acid percentage and total soluble solids content. Likewise, both doses do not showed significant differences in their water use efficiency and pH. Therefore, if the increase in production is searching then, it would be advisable to apply the 120% ET dose, although if the search is for the production quality it would be better to apply 100% ET. Regarding the irrigation frequency, one or two irrigations a day produced higher plant vigor as well as higher production and water use efficiency. None of the irrigation frequencies studied had significant differences in plant height and fruit quality variables.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Production, quality and water use efficiency of processing tomato as affected by the final irrigation timing

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir A. Marouelli ◽  
Washington L.C. Silva ◽  
Celso L. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

A field study was conducted under "Cerrado" conditions of Brazil, during the dry season of 2000, to evaluate the effect of final irrigation timing on fruit yield, quality, and the use of water in processing tomatoes. Fourteen irrigation cut-off times were employed, 7 days apart, from blossom until harvest. Maximum marketable fruit yield took place when irrigations were cut-off 21 days before harvest (10% of red fruit). Total soluble solids content was linearly reduced at the rate of 0.34 ºBrix per each additional 10 days period of irrigation. Maximum pulp yield was obtained ending irrigation 34 days before harvest (20% of plants holding at least one red fruit). The highest tomato water use efficiency was observed when the last irrigation occurred between 37 and 45 days after blossom, respectively for fruit and pulp yield.

scholarly journals Effects of Drip Irrigation Emitter Density with Various Irrigation Levels on Physiological Parameters, Root, Yield, and Quality of Cherry Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Shabbir ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Noman Ali Buttar ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Single Emitter ◽  
Planting Season

Root morphology and its components’ behavior could show a considerable response under multiple water application points per plant to help the ultimate effect of fruit yield and fruit quality. In this study, a comparison of a single emitter per plant was made with two, three, and four emitters per plant under drip irrigation and two irrigation levels (full irrigation 100% and deficit irrigation 75% of crop evapotranspiration) to investigate their effects on physiological parameters, root, yield, and their associated components for potted cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions in Jiangsu-China. The experimental results showed that the plants cultivated in the spring-summer planting season showed significantly higher results than the fall-winter planting season due to low temperatures in the fall-winter planting season. However, the response root length, root average diameter, root dry mass, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, fruit unit fresh weight, the number of fruits, and pH were increased by multiple emitters per plant over a single emitter per plant, but total soluble solids decreased. Besides, a decreasing trend was observed by deficit irrigation for both planting seasons, and vice versa for the case for tomato total soluble solids. Due to an increase in measured parameters for multiple emitters per plant over a single emitter per plant, the yield, water use efficiency, and water use efficiency biomass significantly increased by 18.1%, 17.6%, and 15.1%, respectively. The deficit irrigation caused a decrease in the yield of 5% and an increase in water use efficiency and water use efficiency biomass of 21.4% and 22.9%, respectively. Two, three, and four emitters per plant had no significant effects, and the obtained results were similar. Considering the root morphology, yield, water use efficiency, water use efficiency biomass, and fruit geometry and quality, two emitters per plant with deficit irrigation are recommended for potted cherry tomato under greenhouse conditions. The explanation for the increased biomass production of the plant, yield, and water use efficiency is that two emitters per plant (increased emitter density) reduced drought stress to the roots, causing increased root morphology and leaf area index and finally promoting the plant’s photosynthetic activity.

Water use efficiency in Sangiovese grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) subjected to water stress before veraison: different levels of assessment lead to different conclusions

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Merli ◽  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
Marco Galbignani ◽  
Fabio Bernizzoni ◽  
Eugenio Magnanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Use Efficiency

Several recent papers have shown that in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), interpretation of responses to drought can differ depending upon the parameter chosen to express water use efficiency (WUE). In the present paper, a series of WUE expressions, including physiological and agronomical, were compared in potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese) that were either well-watered (WW) or subjected to progressive drought before veraison (WS) by supplying decreasing fractions (i.e. 70%, 50% and 30% of daily vine transpiration (Trd) determined gravimetrically before vines were fully rewatered. Although single-leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE increased with water stress severity, seasonal and whole-canopy WUE were similar to that before stress, at 70% Trd and upon rewatering, but dropped during severe water stress. WUE calculated as mass of DW stored in annual biomass (leaves, canes and bunches) per litre of water used did not differ on a seasonal basis, whereas WS plants showed lower must soluble solids at harvest, and unchanged colour and phenolic concentration in spite of smaller berries with higher relative skin growth. Results confirm that whole-canopy WUE is a much better index than any single-leaf based WUE parameter for extrapolation to agronomic WUE and actual grape composition. In our specific case study, it can be recommended that water supply to drought-stressed Sangiovese grapevines before veraison should not be lower than 70% of daily vine water use.

scholarly journals Pepper Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency Differ with Variety, Indigenous Habitat, and Species of Origin

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1666
Author(s):  
John Erwin ◽  
Tanveer Hussein ◽  
David J. Baumler
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Tropical Climates

The instantaneous photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gS) were measured for 33 outdoor-grown Capsicum varieties (varying in species of origin and indigenous habitat) between 29 July and 22 Aug. 2017 using a portable gas exchange meter. Cuvette leaf temperature (Tleaf) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded at that same time. Pn differed from 3.6 to 3.7 for ‘Malawi Piquante’ and ‘Korean Long Green’ peppers to 16.3 μmol CO2/m2/s (fixed) for ‘Thai Hot’ peppers. The gS differed from 0.01 to 0.05 among 13 varieties to 0.28 mmol H2O/m2/s for ‘Thai Hot’ peppers. E differed from 0.43 to 0.59 among three varieties to 4.14 to 4.20 mmol H2O/m2/s for ‘CGN 22091’ and ‘Peruvian Purple’ peppers. Water use efficiency (WUE; Pn/E) varied from 2.92 to 3.43 among three varieties to 5.10 to 7.20 for 16 other varieties. C. annuum derived varieties had higher Pn (9.4 μmol CO2/m2/s fixed) than varieties derived from other species (4.5–8.6 μmol CO2/m2/s fixed). Varieties originating from dry climates had higher Pn (12.5 μmol CO2/m2/s fixed) than those originating from temperate or tropical climates (8.0–8.8 μmol CO2/m2/s fixed). Tleaf (27 to 33 °C) and RH (38% to 39% and 57% to 59%) differed among varieties. Pn was positively correlated with gS, E, and RH and was negatively correlated with WUE. We found that Capsicum Pn, E, and gS varied more than has been previously reported, and our data suggested that Pn, gS, and E data of outdoor-grown peppers should be used only when selecting parents for a breeding program (unless progeny is intended for greenhouse production).

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological and Yield Responses of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Genotypes to Frequency of Irrigation under Greenhouse Condition

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Amsalu Gobena Roro ◽  
Mihret Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Use Efficiency

Introduction: The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.), is one of the root and tuber crops grown from low land to high land region of Ethiopia. However, its productivity depends on adaptability and tolerance to different environmental stresses and the capacity of the crop to enhance water use efficiency under moisture stress conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of irrigation interval on morpho-physiological characteristics of sweet potato varieties. Methodology: The trial was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in CRD design consisting: three irrigation intervals (daily-control), four days and seven days interval) combined with two sweet potato genotypes (Hawassa-83 and Kulfo) with three replications. Results: The morpho-physiological indicators, morphological traits, water use efficiency (WUE), Relative leaf water content (RLWC), leaf gas exchange, stomata density, and tuber yield were evaluated. The result indicated that morphological traits were significantly (P≤0.05) responded to genotype and irrigation frequencies. As compared to daily irrigation, an extended watering interval to seven days irrigation interval significantly reduced leaf number, vine length, branch number and internode length by 55.42, 19.83 cm, 2.17 and 0.35 cm, respectively. Stomata density was strongly responded to genotypes than effect of irrigation frequency. Genotype Hawassa-83 had approximately 2.0 more stomata per mm2 than genotype Kulfo regardless to irrigation frequency. The interaction effect between genotype and irrigation frequency revealed significant influence on photosynthesis and transpiration rate. The rate of assimilate accumulation was significantly reduced (by 9.97

scholarly journals Greenhouse Carbon Dioxide Supplementation with Irrigation and Fertilization Management of Geranium and Fountain Grass

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772-1780
Author(s):  
Hardeep Singh ◽  
Megha R. Poudel ◽  
Bruce Dunn ◽  
Charles Fontanier ◽  
Gopal Kakani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Increase in ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is beneficial for plant growth due to increased photosynthesis and water use efficiency. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate how supplemented CO2 influences optimal irrigation and fertilization management for production of two ornamental plants. Two identical greenhouses were used, with one having CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with ambient CO2 concentration. Tensiometer-based irrigation treatments were applied at soil tensions of –5, –10, and –15 kPa with 0-, 3-, 6-, or 9-g controlled-release fertilizer rates applied in factorial with irrigation treatments. Plugs of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass were grown under experimental conditions for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that CO2 supplementation increased the dry weight of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ and fountain grass by 35% and 39%, respectively. Under the two driest irrigation regimes (–10 and –15 kPa), photosynthesis of geranium ‘Pinto Premium Rose Bicolor’ increased with CO2 supplementation compared with the ambient condition. Similarly, for fountain grass, the moderately watered (–10 kPa) treatment had a greater rate of photosynthesis with greater fertilizer rates of 6 or 9 g. CO2 supplementation resulted in increased water use efficiency of both species, whereas rate of transpiration was lower only in fountain grass. Among different fertilizer rates, 6- or 9-g fertilizer rates had greater values for dry weight, number of flowers, and stomatal conductance in both species. Therefore, it can be concluded that CO2 supplementation can help in efficient use of water for greenhouse production of ornamental plants.

Morpho-structural and physiological performance of Sangiovese and Montepulciano cvv. (Vitis vinifera) under non-limiting water supply conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Palliotti ◽  
Stefano Poni ◽  
Oriana Silvestroni ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Fabio Bernizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Use Efficiency

Morpho-structural and physiological traits of Sangiovese and Montepulciano varieties (Vitis vinifera L. – two red grapes widely cultivated in Italy), grown outside under non-limiting water supply conditions were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 and results were correlated with yield components and grape composition. The 2-year analysis showed intraspecific differences in canopy characteristics, leaf and shoot properties, photosynthetic ability, water use efficiency, vine yield and grape composition. Compared with Sangiovese, Montepulciano was able to assure a higher whole-canopy seasonal net CO2 exchange rate during the season (+38% in mid morning and +49% in mid afternoon). It also had higher water use efficiency (especially early in the morning and in late afternoon) and a higher vine yield (+16%). Furthermore, total soluble solids (+1.7 °Brix), anthocyanins (+0.44 mg cm–2 berry skin) and phenolic compounds (+0.88 mg cm–2 berry skin) were higher in the grapes. To ensure this performance, Montepulciano vines have to support higher costs of growth and maintenance processes, made possible because of the increased respiration activity of the canopy during the night. We confirmed that vine yield and grape composition is strictly dependent on the seasonal photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Therefore, Montepulciano should be put in a position to fully realise this substantial photosynthetic potential, by avoiding or reducing environmental stress. Sangiovese is structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand any stress during the summer than Montepulciano. Sangiovese xylem tissue had larger mean vessel density and smaller mean vessel diameter and hydraulic conductance than Montepulciano, holding the hypothesis of less susceptibility to conduit damage.

scholarly journals Deficit irrigation in grapevine improves water-use efficiency while controlling vigour and production quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Chaves ◽  
T.P. Santos ◽  
C.R. Souza ◽  
M.F. Ortuño ◽  
M.L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency
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