Assessment of the Contribution of Rainwater Collection to Crop Production on Udo Island, Korea

This study evaluated the contribution of small agricultural reservoirs (the mool-tongs) to crop production on Udo, and the role they play. Agricultural water demand and deficit, water storage in the mool-tongs, and the amount of irrigation water were analyzed by applying the water balance model. In particular, the Blaney-Criddle method was used to estimate the agricultural water for crop growth. In this study, four typical crops of garlic, spring onion, peanut, and barley were considered, whose growing seasons were somewhat different from each other. A total of 47 years (1973–2019) of rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data were used in this study. As a result, it was confirmed that the crop coefficient, growing period of a crop, share of the cultivated area, and the seasonal distribution of rainfall affect the role of the mool-tongs. Comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of agricultural water deficit and irrigation interval before and after introducing the mool-tongs also confirms their usefulness. After the introduction of the mool-tongs for irrigation, the frequency of occurrence of agricultural water deficits changed significantly, from almost 30% of the entire simulation period to less than 20%. Even though the water supply capacity of the mool-tongs on Udo is insufficient to offset the entire agricultural water deficit, the water stored in the mool-tongs was found to considerably aid the survival of the crops and increase crop production. The results in this study can help to determine the capacity of rainwater collecting systems, especially on a small island where the available water resources are limited.

Influence of irrigation and hydrogel application on yield and economics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under Eastern UP condition

An experiment was conducted at CRF (Crop Research Farm), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P.) during Zaid crop season 2020. The soil of site was sandy loam in texture with neutral PH. The experiment was carried out in split plot design having nine treatment consisted of main plot Irrigation viz., I1 (2 Irrigation during Emergence and Early Tillering), I2 (3 Irrigation during Emergence, Early Tillering and Boot stage) and I3 (4 Irrigation during Emergence, Early Tillering, Boot stage and Grain filling) and sub plot, Hydrogel viz., H0 (0 kg/ha), H1 (2 kg/ha) and H2 (4 kg/ha) which are replicated thrice and effect was observed on Manipuri variety of Bajra. The result indicated that increase in irrigation interval and hydrogel significantly improved yield attributes and yield. At, harvesting, 4 irrigation recorded maximum of Grain yield (1.88 t/ha), Stover yield (4.31 t/ha) and Harvest index (30.24 %) hydrogel also resulted significantly higher Grain yield (1.98 t/ha), Stover yield (4.44 t/ha) and Harvest index (30.79 %) Maximum Gross return (69222.96/ha), Net return (45066.76/ha) and Benefit to Cost ratio (2.87) were recorded by application of 4 kg/ha hydrogel with 4 irrigation.

Genetic Performance of Inbred and Hybrids of Maize Under Irrigation Interval

A field experiment was carried out using four inbred lines of maize BK112, Inb17, ZP607 and Zm6, as they were entered into half-diallel cross-breeding program in the fall season 2019, and 10 genotypes (6 crosses + 4 parents) were obtained according to the second Griffing method, the first model, in the spring season of 2020, the behavior of these inbreds and their hybrids were evaluated with three irrigation intervals with the aim of obtaining one or more distinct hybrids of pure strains derived from maize Zea mays L. under the irrigation interval and the study of hybrid vigor. The experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in Anbar Governorate, using the RCBD randomized complete block design (split – plot) with three replications. The irrigation interval (4, 8 and 12) days occupied the main plots, while the inbred and hybrids occupied the sub-plots. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of genotypes on the studied traits. The studied hybrids Zm6 × ZP607 were distinguished by their weight of 300 grains and the grain yield (85.83 g and 186.70 g) respectively. The plants grown under the irrigation interval 4 days outperformed the grain yield of the plant by giving it the highest yield of 156.03 g. It did not differ significantly with the 8-day irrigation interval, while the yield decreased significantly at the 12-day irrigation interval with a decrease of 120.8% and 120.5% than the 4 and 8 irrigation treatments, respectively. It was also found that the interaction was significant and reached the highest grain yield with an irrigation interval of 8 days, 224.0 g. The hybrid Zm6 × ZP607 gave the highest positive hybrid vigor for individual plant yield, which was 119.24%, 126.72% and 166.05% for the irrigation interval of 4, 8 and 12 days, respectively. Therefore, the plant breeder can use the characteristics of the yield components as selection guides with the superior hybrids in yield and the strength of the hybrid.

Influence of Different Irrigation Strategies on Yield and Water Use of Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Semi-Arid Zone

Increasing population and challenges among the sectors due to the climate change and incorrect water policy has increased the pressure on water resources. This situation being as a global crisis particularly in respect to the food security has accelerated productive utilization of water supplies. The aim of the current study with 2-year experiments was to identify the effect of different irrigation interval and irrigation regimes on the yield and yield components of dry bean having greater than 50% of total world legumes production. In that experiment, two different irrigation interval, 7 and 14-day, and three different irrigation levels, (I100, I75 and I50, were studied. In results, the maximum yield was obtained from 7-day irrigation interval, and 28% yield reduction was detected at 14-day irrigation interval. In examine the irrigation levels, the highest yield was found at full irrigation (I100), and increasing water stress caused significant yield reductions e.g. 21% and 49% for I75 and I50, respectively. The evapotranspiration and total applied water as an average of 2013-2014 were calculated as 533 mm, and 450 mm, respectively. In assessment of the both the combine year results, the ky value was determined as 1.59, and this finding shows that dry bean crop is sensitive to the water stress condition.

Effect of irrigation regime on yield and water productivity of maize (Zea mays) in the Lake Tana basin, North West Ethiopia

Background Proper scheduling gave water to the crop at the right time in the right quantity to optimize production and minimize adverse environmental impact. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the effects of irrigation regimes on yield and yield components of Maize in the Lake Tana basin during 2016–2018. Methods CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to determine the crop water requirement. Almost all parameters were adopted the default value of CROPWAT 8.0. Field data including; field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), initial soil moisture depletion (%), available water holding capacity (mm/meter), infiltration rates (mm/day), and local climate data were determined in the study area. The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations with five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc) and two irrigation intervals (14 and 21 days) laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results The result was analyzed using SAS 9 software and significant treatment means separated using least significant difference at 5%. The result showed that the interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation frequency has no significant effect on the average grain yield and water use efficiency of maize. At koga, the highest grain yield (7.3 t ha− 1) and water use efficiency (0.9 kg m-3) obtained from 100% ETc. while, at Ribb the highest grain yield (10.97 t ha− 1) and water use efficiency (1.9 kg m− 3) obtained from 21 days irrigation interval. Conclusion Therefore, for Koga and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 562 mm net irrigation depth and 21-day irrigation interval and at Rib and similar agro ecologies maize can irrigated with 446.8 mm net irrigation depth and 21- days irrigation interval.