scholarly journals Outcome of Tuberculosis Case Surveillance at Kano Central Correctional Center, North-west Nigeria: A Need for Routine Active Case Findings for TB in Nigerian Correctional Centers

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
M. Tukur ◽  
B. Odume ◽  
M. Bajehson ◽  
C. Dimpka ◽  
S. Useni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
North West ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Experienced Radiologist

Aim: To demonstrate the need for routine active TB case finding in Nigerian correctional centers through a TB case surveillance intervention at the largest correctional centre in the most populous state in Nigeria by KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Nigeria. Study Design: It was a retrospective review of public health intervention data derived from the mass TB screening of Kano central correctional centre inmates in Kano state, Nigeria. Methodology: A digital X-ray with artificial intelligence (AI) was used for mass TB screening of 1,967 consenting inmates at the Kano central correctional centre in Kano state, Nigeria, from 21st September to 2nd October 2020. Participants with CAD4TB score ≥ 60 had a GeneXpert assessment of their sputa for TB diagnosis. Where sputum production was not possible, or GeneXpert result was negative, expert clinical evaluation of the presumptive radiogram was carried out by experienced radiologist. Data from the project were extracted and analysed for this report. Proportions and means were compared with Fisher Exact test and Student t-test, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 1,967 inmates were screened for TB and 92 (4.7%) presumptive were identified - males (4.8%, 91/92), females (1.9%, 1/92). Out of the 92 presumptive, 21 males were diagnosed as TB cases giving a TB prevalence of 1.1% among the inmates and 22.8% among presumptive. One of the TB cases had multi-drug resistant TB. The number needed to screen (NNS) was 94. All TB cases were enrolled in treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB at the Kano central correctional centre during the mass TB screening project was high. The National Tuberculosis Control Programme of Nigeria should accelerate the planned paradigm shift from passive to active case-finding for TB in Nigerian correctional centers.

scholarly journals Active Tuberculosis Case Finding in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Experiences, Results, and Implications for Tuberculosis Control Programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guesly J. Delva ◽  
Ingrid Francois ◽  
Cassidy W. Claassen ◽  
Darwin Dorestan ◽  
Barbara Bastien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Community Screening ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background. Haiti has the highest tuberculosis (TB) prevalence in the Americas with 254 cases per 100,000 persons. Case detection relies on passive detection and TB services in many regions suffer from poor diagnostic and clinical resources.Methods.Mache Chache(“Go and Seek”) was a TB REACH Wave 3 funded TB case finding project in Port-au-Prince between July 2013 and September 2014, targeting four intervention areas with insufficient TB diagnostic performance.Results. Based on a verbal symptom screen emphasizing the presence of cough, the project identified 11,150 (11.75%) of all screened persons as TB subjects and 2.67% as smear-positive (SS+) TB cases. Enhanced case finding and strengthening of laboratory services led to a 59% increase in bacteriologically confirmed cases in the evaluation population. In addition, smear grades dropped significantly, suggesting earlier case detection. Xpert® MTB/RIF was successfully introduced and improved TB diagnosis in HIV-infected, smear-negative clinic patients, but not in HIV-negative, smear-negative TB suspects in the community. However, the number needed to screen for one additional SS+ case varied widely between clinic and community screening activities.Conclusion. Enhanced and active TB case finding in Haiti can improve TB diagnosis and care. However, screening algorithms have to be tailored to individual settings, necessitating long-term commitment.

Tuberculosis case finding in Nicaragua: Evaluation of routine activities in the control programme

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
R. Cruz ◽  
E. Heldal ◽  
Th. Arnadottir ◽  
I. Juarez ◽  
D. Enarson
Keyword(s):  
Routine Activities ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case

scholarly journals Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia: A qualitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0210919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Say Sok ◽  
Mengieng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Active Case

Utilizing chest X-ray based active case finding approach for early tuberculosis case detection in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifa Habib ◽  
Kiran Azeemi ◽  
S. M. Asad Zaidi ◽  
Wafa Jamal ◽  
Talha Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals The Use of Xpert MTB/Rif for Active Case Finding among TB Contacts in North West Province, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limakatso Lebina ◽  
Nigel Fuller ◽  
Tolu Osoba ◽  
Lesley Scott ◽  
Katlego Motlhaoleng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
North West ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diagnosis Rate

Introduction.Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in high HIV burden settings. Active case finding is one strategy to potentially reduce TB disease burden. Xpert MTB/Rif has recently been recommended for diagnosis of TB.Methods.Pragmatic randomized trial to compare diagnosis rate and turnaround time for laboratory testing for Xpert MTB/Rif with TB microscopy and culture in household contacts of patients recently diagnosed with TB.Results.2464 household contacts enrolled into the study from 768 active TB index cases. 1068 (44%) were unable to give sputum, but 24 of these were already on TB treatment. 863 (53%) participants sputum samples were tested with smear and culture and 2.7% (23/863; CI: 1.62–3.78) were diagnosed with active TB. Xpert MTB/Rif was used in 515 (21%) participants; active TB was diagnosed in 1.6% (8/515; CI: 0.52–2.68).Discussion and Conclusions.Additional 31 cases were diagnosed with contact tracing of household members. When Xpert MTB/Rif is compared with culture, there is no significant difference in diagnostic yield.

Tuberculosis case-finding in Nicaragua: evaluation of routine activities in the control programme

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Cruz ◽  
E. Heldal ◽  
T. Arnadottir ◽  
I. Juarez ◽  
D.A. Enarson
Keyword(s):  
Routine Activities ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case

scholarly journals Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis through TOUCH Agents in Selected High TB Burden Wards of Kolkata, India: A Mixed-methods Study on Outcomes and Implementation Challenges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Dey ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Ayan Ghosh ◽  
Tanusree Dasgupta ◽  
Soumyajyoti Bandopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Number Needed To Screen ◽  
Wage Loss

Background: Active case finding for TB was implemented in selected sixty high TB burden wards of Kolkata, India. Community volunteers called TOUCH agents (TAs) identified and referred presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) to health facilities for TB diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to describe the &lsquo;care cascade&rsquo; of PTBPs identified during July to December, 2018 and to explore the reasons for attrition as perceived by TAs and PTBPs. Methods: An explanatory mixed methods study with quantitative phase of cohort study using routinely collected data followed by descriptive qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted. Results: Of the 3, 86,242 individuals enumerated, 1132 (0.3%) PTBPs were identified. Only 713 (63.0%) PTBPs visited referred facility for TB diagnosis. TB was diagnosed in 177 (24.8%) and the number needed to screen for one TB was 2,183 individuals. The potential reasons for low yield were stigma and apprehension about TB, distrust about TA, wage loss for attending health facilities and substance abuse among PTBPs. Conclusion: The yield of ACF was suboptimal with low PTBP identification rate and high attrition rate. Interviewing each individual for symptoms of TB and supporting PTBPs for diagnosis through sputum collection and transport can be adopted to improve the yield.

scholarly journals Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis through TOUCH Agents in Selected High TB Burden Wards of Kolkata, India: A Mixed Methods Study on Outcomes and Implementation Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Dey ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Ayan Ghosh ◽  
Tanusree Dasgupta ◽  
Soumyajyoti Bandopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Number Needed To Screen

Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) was implemented in 60 selected high TB burden wards of Kolkata, India. Community volunteers called TOUCH (Targeted Outreach for Upliftment of Community Health) agents (TAs) identified and referred presumptive TB patients (PTBPs) to health facilities for TB diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to describe the “care cascade” of PTBPs that were identified during July to December 2018 and to explore the reasons for attrition as perceived by TAs and PTBPs. An explanatory mixed-methods study with a quantitative phase of cohort study using routinely collected data followed by descriptive qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted. Of the 3,86242 individuals that were enumerated, 1132 (0.3%) PTBPs were identified. Only 713 (63.0%) PTBPs visited a referred facility for TB diagnosis. TB was diagnosed in 177 (24.8%). The number needed to screen for one TB patient was 2183 individuals. The potential reasons for low yield were stigma and apprehension about TB, distrust about TA, wage losses for attending health facilities, and substance abuse among PTBPs. The yield of ACF was suboptimal with low PTBP identification rate and a high attrition rate. Interviewing each individual for symptoms of TB and supporting PTBPs for diagnosis through sputum collection and transport can be adopted to improve the yield.

scholarly journals Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Say Sok ◽  
Mengieng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Active Case ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractBackgroundWith support of the national tuberculosis (TB) program, KHANA has implemented an innovative approach using a seed-and-recruit model to actively find TB cases in the community. The intervention engaged community members including TB survivors to recruit people with TB symptoms in a ‘snowball’ approach for screening and linkage to treatment. This study aims to explore the acceptability of active case finding with the seed-and-recruit model in detecting new TB cases and determine the characteristics of successful seeds.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in four provinces (Banteay Meanchey, Kampong Chhnang, Siem Reap, and Takeo) in Cambodia in 2017. Fifty six in-depth interviews and ten focus group discussions were conducted to gain insights into the acceptability, strengths, and challenges in implementing the model. Transcripts were coded and content analyses were performed.ResultsThe seed-and-recruit active case finding model was generally well-received by the study participants. They saw the benefits of engaging TB survivors and utilize their social network to find new TB cases in the community. The social embeddedness of the model within the local community was one of the major strengths. The success of the model also hinges on the integration with existing health facilities. Having extensive social network, being motivated, and having good knowledge about TB were important characteristics of successful seeds. Study participants reported challenges in motivating the recruits for screening, logistic capacities, and high workload during implementation. However, there was a general consensus that the model ought to be expanded.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the seed-and-recruit model should be fine-tuned and scaled up as part of the national TB Program to increase TB new case detection in Cambodia. Further studies are needed to more comprehensively evaluate the impacts and cost-effectiveness of the model in Cambodia as well as in other resource-limited settings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document