Characterization of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Catalyst for the Pyrolysis of Waste Sac Bags into Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels

Aim: The use of synthetic catalysts in pyrolysis of waste plastics into hydrocarbon fuels is the common practice, these synthetic/ commercial catalysts are not readily available in Nigeria. The aim of this research paper is to prepare and characterize and test the catalytic performance of a locally made catalyst for waste plastic to hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis. Study Design: locally made catalyst was prepared from coconut shells, its elemental composition, structural morphology and pore properties investigated using appropriate instruments and methods. Place and Duration: The experiments were carried out at the Petroleum Development Laboratory, situated at the Gas Engineering building, University of Port-Harcourt Nigeria. It took about 18 months to complete this study. Methodology: Thermal and chemical activation methods were used to prepare the local catalyst from coconut shells. Scanning electron microscopy method was used to investigate the morphology and texture of the coconut shell activated carbon catalyst. Response Surface Method (RSM) in design expert software 12.0 was used to design the experiment, and investigate the effect of operating parameters on the response variable. Results: The assessment of coconut shell activated carbon shows it can be used as an alternate to synthetic catalysts. This is because more than 60 % fuel oil was recovered when it was used in the pyrolysis of waste sac bags Conclusion: Coconut shell activated carbon is effective in the conversion of waste sac bags high purity hydrocarbon fuels such as aviation kerosene.

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Treatment of Dyeing and Printing Wastewater by Copper Oxide Loaded on Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.412 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 366 ◽

pp. 412-415

Author(s):

Yu De Liu ◽

Bo Quan Jiang ◽

Zheng Qiang Xiao

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Copper Oxide ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Copper Nitrate ◽

Color Removal ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Coconut Shells ◽

Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

The activated carbon loaded copper oxide catalyst was prepared from Hainan abandoned coconut shells using chemical activation method and applied in treatment of acid bright red GR simulation dyeing wastewater. The effects of phosphoric acid concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, activation time and activation temperature on the COD and color removal rates were investigated by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal values of the parameters above were 65% (in mass), 3:1, 2.5h and 500°C under the designed copper oxide loading conditions of calcining temperature 300°C,calcining time 3.0 h and use level of copper nitrate 15 mL. Using the prepared sample for the treatment of the wastewater, the COD and color removal rates reached 94.384% and 99.840%, respectively.

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Renewable Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Based for Ethyl Orange Dye Removal

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 306-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norzita Ngadi ◽

M. Jusoh ◽

Hajar Alias ◽

Z.Y. Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Carbonization Temperature ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Impregnation Ratio ◽

Coconut Shell Activated Carbon ◽

Efficient Adsorbent

A study on the performance of a renewable activated carbon towards concentration reduction for ethyl orange dye was conducted. The coconut shell activated carbon was prepared by varying the carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio of chemical activation agent and coconut shell. The effect of adsorbent dosage and temperature on performance of the synthesized AC was determined. The finding showed that the impregnation ratio of 2 and carbonization temperature of 800 °C were the best condition to synthesis the activated carbon. The result also showed that the increment in adsorbent dosage increased the sorption capacity for coconut shell AC. However, the temperature changes caused the fluctuation in reduction of dye concentration. Comparison with commercial activated carbon indicated that coconut shell AC had proved to be a low cost and efficient adsorbent in this research.

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Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon From Coconut Shell (Cocous Nucifera L.)

Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.17509/ijost.v4i2.18179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 229-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rifki Husnul Khuluk ◽

Ali Rahmat ◽

Buhani Buhani ◽

Suharso Suharso

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Physical Activation ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Optimum Ph ◽

Isotherm Adsorption ◽

Coconut Shells

This research has been conducted on process of production activated carbon from coconut shells, which are activated both physics and chemistry to improve the adsorption of methylene blue. The process of physical activation was done by burning the coconut shell using a furnace at a temperature of 700°C. The chemical activation was done using H3PO4 activator. The result of activated carbon physical activation (CAP) has a greater absorbency than activated carbon chemical activation (CAC) with each of the absorption of methylene blue at 99.42 and 98.64%. Analysis of surface morphology on the adsorbent was performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). SEM results indicated that (CAP) has a surface morphology that is relatively similar to commercial activated carbon (CACm). Adsorption test was conducted on the determination of the optimum pH, adsorption rate, and isotherm adsorption of methylene blue. The results of the optimum pH on CAC, CAP, and CACm respectively obtained at pH 8 and the optimum contact time is obtained respectively at 40, 60, and 80 minutes. Adsorption kinetics data of methylene blue on CACm, CAP, and CAC tend to follow the pseudo second order kinetics with a correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.937; 0.950; and 0.999, respectively. Adsorption isotherm of methylene blue on CACm, CAP, and CAC tend to follow the model of Freundlich isotherms.

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Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Batik Industry by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Adsorption

Fullerene Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.37033/fjc.v6i1.213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Aulia Qisti ◽

Yudhi Utomo ◽

Deni Ainur Rokhim

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Method ◽

Carbon Adsorption ◽

Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Batik is a characteristic Indonesian textile product. The color of batik is one component that affects the quality of batik. Various types of batik dyes, one of which is remazol dyes. Remazol dyes are synthetic dyes that have strong chemical bonds. This is what underlies the process of production of the household batik industry in the village of Purwosekar, District of Tajinan, Malang Regency, with remazol coloring will produce liquid waste that is difficult to be deciphered naturally. This study aims to provide a water treatment solution using the coconut shell activated carbon adsorption method with chemical activation and the ability to adsorb remazol dyes. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batches with a mesh size of 8 with coconut shell carbon activated with 1 M HCl solution for 24 hours. The absorption of remazol dyes by coconut shell activated charcoal is carried out with a stirring speed variation for 60 minutes and the mass of activated charcoal to find the optimum adsorption conditions. Stirring speed variations are 30 rpm, 60 rpm, and 90 rpm, resulting in the highest efficiency at a speed of 90 rpm. While the variations in mass are 200 grams and 300 grams, the highest efficiency is obtained with a mass of 300 grams. Thus, the efficiency of the coconut shell activated carbon is proportional to the stirring speed and mass of the coconut shell activated carbon used

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