scholarly journals Diagnostic Utility of Electrocardiogram and Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy among Known Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Amit C. Botre ◽  
U. T. Mane ◽  
Dilip P. Patil ◽  
A. T. Pardesi ◽  
Anil Bhattad
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study is to find out presence of LVH by 2D Echo in all cases of hypertension in relation to their duration and severity. In this study it was observed that 59% subjects were males and 41% were females and the mean age of males and females was 64 yrs. Majority of them 36.5% were in the age group of 61-70 yrs, out of them majority of females 48.6% were from age group 71-80 yrs and majority of males 76.5% were from age group of >80 yrs. Study showed that occurrence of LVH by Interventricular septal thickness criteria and Left ventricular posterior wall thickness criteria of 2D Echo in relation to duration of hypertension was statistically not significant. Occurrence of LVH by interventricular septal thickness criteria and Left ventricular posterior wall thickness criteria of 2D Echo in relation to severity of hypertension was statistically not significant.

scholarly journals Lung function and left ventricular hypertrophy in morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Paulo de Tarso Müller ◽  
Hamilton Domingos ◽  
Luiz Armando Pereira Patusco ◽  
Gabriel Victor Guimarães Rapello
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To look for correlations between lung function and cardiac dimension variables in morbidly obese patients, in order to test the hypothesis that the relative size of the small airways is independently correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 192 medical records containing a clinical protocol employed in candidates for bariatric surgery between January of 2006 and December of 2010. Results: Of the 192 patients evaluated, 39 (10 males and 29 females) met the inclusion criteria. The mean BMI of the patients was 49.2 ± 7.6 kg/m2, and the mean age was 35.5 ± 7.7 years. The FEF25-75/FVC, % correlated significantly with left ventricular posterior wall thickness and relative left ventricular posterior wall thickness, those correlations remaining statistically significant (r = −0.355 and r = −0.349, respectively) after adjustment for weight, gender, and history of systemic arterial hypertension. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that FVC and FEV1 were the major determinants of left ventricular mass (in grams or indexed to body surface area). Conclusions: A reduction in the relative size of the small airways appears to be independently correlated with obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy, regardless of factors affecting respiratory mechanics (BMI and weight), gender, or history of systemic arterial hypertension. However, FEV1 and FVC might be important predictors of left ventricular mass in morbidly obese individuals.

Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 441s-443s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Dunn ◽  
B. Bastian ◽  
T. D. V. Lawrie ◽  
A. R. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Group 2

1. Changes in left ventricular structure and function were assessed by echocardiography in 22 patients before and after 9 months blood pressure control. 2. Nine patients had normal baseline echocardiograms (group 1) and 13 had echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (group 2). 3. Group 2 patients demonstrated significant reductions in posterior wall thickness (P<0.01), septal wall thickness (P<0.025) and left ventricular mass (P<0.005). Only six of the 13 patients showed a reduction of ≥3 mm in posterior wall thickness. The remainder showed no alteration or only a slight non-significant reduction. 4. The regression of voltage in some patients but not in others did not appear to be related to initial blood pressure, the extent of the fall in blood pressure or duration of follow-up. It was not possible to say whether any specific therapy was beneficial to regression since most of the patients were on multiple therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of LVEF with Changing left Ventricular Morphology in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Md Mohiuddin Masum ◽  
Rayhan Shahrear ◽  
Zinnat Ara Yesmin ◽  
Latifa Nishat ◽  
Laila Anjuman Banu
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness

Background:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most frequent type of cardiomyopathy. HCM is a disease of changing cardiac morphology that causes various form of cardiac dysfunction. HCM patients may remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed for a long time. If they become symptomatic, they commonly present with breathlessness, chest discomfort, and exertion. It is also responsible for the sudden cardiac death.Proper assessment of the functional status of the heart is required for proper management strategies of HCM. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the IVS, PWT and LVEF in different cardiac phenotypes as well as to draw correlation among them. Materials and method:A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on thirty-four adult Bangladeshi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients (thirty-one male, three female). The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, BSMMU. Diagnoses adult HCM patients were selected as study patients. Transthoracic echocardiography was done to assess the interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Result: The changes in the value of the left ventricular ejection fraction shows significant correlation with left ventricular posterior wall thickness,rather than the interventricular septal thickness. Conclusion:Though significant correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was found, a large cohort study could be done to see the long term outcome of such correlation. University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan 2019; 12-15

scholarly journals Cardiac remodeling indicators in adolescent athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Castanheira ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
Daniela Costa ◽  
Diogo Martinho ◽  
Jorge Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Judo Athletes

Summary Objective: The idea that different sports and physical training type results in different cardiac adaptations has been widely accepted. However, this remodelling process among different sport modalities is still not fully understood. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the heart morphology variation associated with a set of different modalities characterized by distinct models of preparation and different methods and demands of training and completion. Method: The sample comprises 42 basketball players, 73 roller hockey players, 28 judo athletes and 21 swimmers. Anthropometry was assessed by a single and experienced anthropometrist and the same technician performed the echocardiographic exams. Analysis of variance was used to study age, body size and echocardiograph parameters as well as different sport athlete's comparison. Results: Basketball players are taller (F=23.448; p<0.001; ES-r=0.553), heavier (F=6.702; p<0.001; ES-r=0.334) and have a greater body surface area (F=11.896; p<0.001; ES-r=0.427). Basketball and hockey players have larger left auricle diameters compared with judo athletes (F=3.865; p=0.011; ES-r=0.316). Interventricular end-diastolic septal thickness (F=7.287; p<0.001; ES-r=0.347) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (F=8.038; p<0.001; ES-r=0.362) of the judokas are smaller compared to the mean values of other sports participants. In addition, relative left parietal ventricular wall thickness is lower among swimmers compared with judokas (F=4.127; p=0.008; ES-r=0.268). Conclusion: The major contributors to changes in heart morphology are for the most part associated with sport-specific training and competition and the specific dynamics and adaptive mechanisms imposed by each sport.

scholarly journals Investigating Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Cardiomyopathy - A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A660-A661
Author(s):  
Daniel Mak ◽  
Kaitlin A Ryan ◽  
Joan C Han
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Pediatric Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Children with cardiomyopathy are a vulnerable population and understanding the factors that contribute to cardiac dysfunction are of great importance. At the biochemical level, energy utilization by cardiomyocytes during stress may provide insight into the progression of cardiomyopathy. There is a large body of literature that describes insulin resistance in adults with cardiomyopathy (1,2). Extensive literature on the topic in adult individuals exists however investigation in the pediatric population is sparse. The pathophysiology of disease in children and adolescents is unique. To study the role of insulin resistance in pediatric cardiomyopathy, we measured the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at baseline in pre-pubertal patients (age 13-18 years old; mean 16 years old; n = 8) with either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In patients with HCM, greater insulin resistance was positively correlated with greater left ventricular (LV) septal thickness (r = 0.55; p = 0.33; n = 5) and LV posterior wall thickness (r = 0.7; p = 0.19; n = 5) during diastole. As expected, insulin resistance was strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.84; p = 0.08; n = 5) though greater BMI was not as strongly associated with LV septal thickness (r = 0.59; p = 0.3; n = 5) or posterior wall thickness (r = 0.59; p = 0.3; n = 5). In patients with DCM, insulin resistance was positively correlated with LV end diastolic volume (r = 0.59; p = 0.59; n = 3). Interestingly, there was an observed inverse association between insulin resistance and BMI in DCM (r = -0.85; p = 0.34; n =3). Though our sample population is limited, thus affecting statistical significance, results showed that there was a trend towards greater insulin resistance in patients with poorer cardiac measurements. These findings are consistent with adult literature and the proposition that cardiac dysfunction is an insulin resistant state. References: (1) Riehle C, Abel ED. Insulin Signaling and Heart Failure. Circulation research. 2016;118(7):1151-1169. (2) Shah A, Shannon RP. Insulin resistance in dilated cardiomyopathy. Reviews in cardiovascular medicine. 2003;4 Suppl 6:S50-57

scholarly journals Outcomes of Posterior Wall Thickness, Interventricular Septal Thickness and LA diameter after Surgical Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in Different Age Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Md Aminullah ◽  
Swadesh Ranjan Sarker ◽  
Rakibul Hasan ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Rezwanul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Good outcome after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect is essential. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the improvement of posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness and LA diameter after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in different age group.Methodology: This prospective cohort studies was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka. Patient with surgical closure of VSD were enrolled into this study purposively and were divided into 3 groups according to the age. In group A (n=10), patients were within the age group of 2.0 to 6.0 years; age of group B (n=8) patients were 6.1-18.0 years and the group C (n=6) ages range was 18.1-42.0 years. Echocardiographic variables such as posterior wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness and LA diameter were taken preoperatively and at 1st and 3rd month of postoperative values.Result: Totally 24 patients were recruited for this study. The mean age was 12.60±12.09. After 1 month posterior wall thickness was increased by 12.07%, 7.02% and 5.26% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months left ventricular posterior wall thickness was decreased by 36.21%, 29.78% and 17.58% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 1 month interventricular septal thickness was increased by 3.51%, 8.86% and 9.22% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months interventricular septal thickness was decreased by 31.58%, 25.00% and 16.67% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 1 month LA diameter was increased by 4.81%, 4.28% and 4.75% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months LA diameter was decreased by 15.93%, 12.84% and 5.96% in group A, group B and group C respectively.Conclusion: Cardiac remodeling occurred after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect and remodeling were more significant in younger age group.University Heart Journal Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2016; 12-16

Combination of Huangqi Granule and Rosuvastatin Improves the Cardiac Function in Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Weizhong Huangfu ◽  
Yuhong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness

Using rat models of heart failure, we evaluated the effects of rosuvastatin and Huangqi granule alone and in combination on left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular end-systolic dimension, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole. Results showed that left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular end-systolic dimension in the rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly decreased (P ‹ 0.01), while left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole were significantly increased (P ‹ 0.05). The serum IL-2, IFN-β, and TNF-α in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly lower than those in model group (P ‹ 0.05). However, the levels of S-methylglutathione and superoxide dismutase in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly higher, while nitric oxide was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ‹ 0.05). Also, compared to the model group, the apoptosis rate, and the autophagy protein LC3-II in the cardiomyocytes of rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group was significantly decreased (P ‹ 0.01), while the level of p62 protein was significantly increased (P ‹ 0.01). The levels of AMPK and p-AMPK in cardiomyocytes were significantly lower in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group; however, the levels of mTOR and p-mTOR showed an opposite trend (P ‹ 0.05). To sum up, rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule could improve the cardiac function, decrease the level of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in rats with HF. The possible underlying mechanism might be inhibition of autophagy and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Left ventricular geometric patterns and cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Manes ◽  
Manlio Gagliardi ◽  
Gianfranco Misuraca ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Mario Chiatto
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to estimate the impact and prevalence of left ventricular geometric alterations and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients, as well as the relationship with cardiac troponin as a marker of myocardial damage. Methods: 31 patients (pts), 19 males and 12 females, age 58.1±16.4 (26 on hemodialysis, 5 on peritoneal dialysis) and 31 healthy normal controls were enrolled. Echocardiography measurements were carried out according to the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. Left ventricular mass was calculated, according to the Devereux formula and indexed to height and weight 2.7. Doppler echocardiography was performed to study diastolic function by measurements of isovolumetric relaxation period (IVRT), E wave deceleretion time (DTE) and E/A ratio. Cardiac troponin was measured by a third generation electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test for between-group comparisons and the Pearson and Spearman’s tests to investigate correlations; p values of &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Eccentric hypertrophy was the most frequent pattern (n=17; 55%), followed by normal cardiac geometry (n=7; 23%), and concentric hypertrophy (n=5; 16%). Only 6% of pts (n=2) showed concentric remodelling. Systolic dysfunction was present in terms of endocardial parameters in 3 pts (9%) (fractional shartening &lt;25%, EF&lt;50%), but in terms of midwall myocardial shortening in 51% (n=16). Diastolic dysfunction was present in 87% (n=27) with a pattern of impaired relaxation (in 5 without left ventricular hypertrophy). E/A was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.41, p=0.02); DTE was positively correlated with posterior wall thickness (r=0.36, p=0.05) and interventricular septum thickness (r=0.45, p=0.01); cardiac troponin was positively correlated with age (r=0.50, p=0.00), left ventricular mass (r=0.41, p=0.02), posterior wall thickness (r=0.41; p=0.02) and interventricular septum thickness (r=0.39, p=0.03) but not with diastolic dysfunction parameters. No significant difference was found in terms of duration of dialysis between patients with normal left ventricular geometry and those with left ventricular hypertrophy, but a significant difference in age was found (p=0.03). Pts with diastolic dysfunction had more frequent hypotensive episodes during dialysis (p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: Impaired geometry and cardiac function is frequently observed in pts undergoing hemodialysis. Diastolic dysfuction is associated to a geometric pattern of left ventricular hypetrophy, although it can be an isolated initial manifestation of myocardial damage. Depressed midwall myocardial shortening can discriminate left ventricular dysfunction better than traditional endocardial systolic indexes.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and left ventricular systolic function in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ria Nova ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Damayanti R Sjarif
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Lv Systolic Function

Background Obesity causes cardiovascular disturbances. Theincidence of cardiovascular disease is higher even in mildly obesepatients than in lean subjects.Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare left ven-tricular (LV) mass, LV internal dimensions, and LV systolic func-tion between obese and normal children; and to determine the as-sociation of the degree of obesity with LV mass and LV systolicfunction.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on elemen-tary school students in Jakarta from February to April 2003. Wemeasured the subjects’ body weight and height, and performedlipid profile and echocardiography examinations. Measurementsof LV mass, LV internal dimensions with regard to septum thick-ness, LV internal diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness; andLV systolic function as indicated by shortening fraction and ejec-tion fraction, were performed echocardiographically. The differ-ences in measurements between obese and normal children aswell as between obese children with and without lipid abnormalitywere analyzed. The correlation between the degree of obesity withLV size and systolic function was determined.Results Twenty-eight normal children and 62 obese children wereenrolled in the study. Mean LV mass was 35.7 (SD 5.16) g/cm 3 inobese children versus 24.0 (SD 3.80) g/cm 3 in normal children(P<0.0001). Mean septum thickness was 0.8 (SD 0.14) mm inobese children versus 0.6 (SD 7.90) mm in normal children (P<0.0001). Mean posterior wall thickness was 0.9 (SD 0.14) mm inobese children versus 0.6 (SD 9.97) mm in normal children(P<0.0001). Mean LV internal diameter was 4.0 (SD 0.34) mm inobese children versus 3.9 (SD 0.29) mm in normal children(P=0.300). There was strong correlation between the degree ofobesity and LV mass (r=0.838, P<0.0001). LV systolic function(shortening fraction) was 37.1 (SD 4.20) percent in obese childrenversus 35.8 (SD 4.99) percent in normal children (P=0.19). Ejec-tion fraction was 67.4 (SD 5.32) percent in obese children versus65.5 (SD 6.29) percent in normal children (P=0.13). There wasweak correlation between LV systolic function and the degree ofobesity (shortening fraction r=0.219, P=0.038; ejection fractionr=0.239, P=0.023).Conclusions Obese children had significantly greater LV mass,septum thickness, and posterior wall thickness than normal chil-Backgrounddren. Such significant difference was absent for LV internal diam-eter and measures of LV systolic function. There was no signifi-cant difference in LV mass and LV systolic function between obesechildren with or without abnormality of lipid profile. A strong corre-lation exists between the degree of obesity and LV mass, but thecorrelation between degree of obesity and LV systolic function wasweak

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