scholarly journals Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Boreholes and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Action of Disinfectants Used for the Microbiological Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Henry Jacques Matita Bomoi ◽  
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽  
Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana ◽  
Kola Nsimba ◽  
Nzau Matiaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
The University

Water pollution is currently at the top of the environmental agenda. In this study, the main objectives were (i) to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of well and borehole water found in the vicinity of the University of Kinshasa and (ii) to assess the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Enterococci strains isolated from various selected water points to disinfectants used at the industrial scale (Chlorine and chlorine dioxide) or in the household (Aquatabs) for the microbiological treatment of water. Three sites having wells or boreholes were chosen for sample collection, namely: The University of Kinshasa and its vicinity (Kindele and Kemi districts). The Physico-chemical parameters were determined in situ and then in the laboratory; and concerned the following indicators: pH, conductivity and turbidity. Moreover, the bacteriological quality was assessed by detecting the presence of faecal pollution indicator bacteria (E. coli and Enterococcus sp). The susceptibility of E. coli and Enterococcus sp strains to antimicrobials generally used for the microbiological treatment of drinking water was assessed by the dilution method on agar medium. The physico-chemical analyses showed that: (i) acid pH values in the different water points under study ranging from 6.3-6.5, (ii) conductivity and turbidity values range between 28.5 and 146 NTU. The bacteriological analyses showed that the Kemi district was the only water point which exhibited contamination with fecal pollution indicator bacteria. The strains of Enterococci and E. coli isolated from that well were highly sensitive to chlorine dioxide and Aquatabs and less sensitive to chlorine while the strains of E. coli are highly sensitive to chlorine dioxide and Aquatabs compared to the strains of Enterococci. In conclusion, we can recommend to these populations, the use of these compounds for water treatment precisely Aquatabs for household.

scholarly journals Quality of beef diaphragm meat in naturally occurring Sarcocystic infection in cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 378-385
Author(s):  
Vytautas Januskevicius ◽  
Grazina Januskeviciene ◽  
Gintare Zaborskiene
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Meat Samples

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible harmful effect of Sarcocystis parasites on bovine diaphragm meat quality. Meat samples were collected from 120 bulls aged 20–24 months. Meat quality was investigated using microbiological and physico-chemical (RP-HPLC, GC) methods 48 hours after slaughter. Sarcocystis infection was associated with increased fat content, lightness L* and drip loss, and decreased ash and protein percentages. Infection also had a significant effect on the amount of amino acids (AAs), which slowly decreased as the number of sarcocysts increased. The total amount of AAs correlated with glutamic acid content (R = 0.966, P &lt; 0.05). Heavily infected samples contained significantly lower amounts of putrescine, histamine, spermine and spermidine (P &lt; 0.05) and<br /> a noticeable increase in the total count of aerobic microorganisms, but no change in the numbers of E. coli and coliform bacteria in comparison with no infected samples. Sarcocysts in beef diaphragms did not cause serious changes in the technological quality of the meat, but the biological quality of infected meat was reduced.  

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Ice Blocks Sold in Selected Wet Markets in Manila, Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro F. Salazar ◽  
Trishia Alexis I. Alvez ◽  
Janine Marie B. Balbedina ◽  
Javier Alfonso A. Torres ◽  
Ivanah Y. Tupaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
The City

Objective. The study aimed to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of ice blocks sold in selected wet markets located in the city of Manila. Methods. Twenty-eight samples were collected from three markets. Microbiological quality was analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of coliforms with E. coli as indicator organism. Physico-chemical quality was determined by measuring turbidity, apparent color, pH, iron, and residual chlorine. Measurements obtained were compared with the 2007 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). Results. Results showed that all samples tested positive for coliforms while 25 out of the 28 samples were positive for E. coli. Mean turbidity was 2.74 ± 3.68 NTU; for both apparent color and iron tests, all samples complied with the PNSDW standard limit set; mean pH was 6.15 ± 0.64; and mean residual chlorine was 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/L. Average values of apparent color and iron comply with the PNSDW standards. Six out of 28 samples had turbidity values exceeding the standards. All samples were found to have residual chlorine levels below the standards. Conclusion. Ice in markets do not comply with key 2007 PNSDW standards and findings warrant strict compliance of ice quality from manufacturers to the point of distribution to protect consumer health.

Sand, soil, and pigeon droppings: sources of indicator bacteria in the waters of Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Oshiro ◽  
Roger Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pigeon Droppings ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Land Runoff

To investigate the deteriorating bacteriological water quality of Hanauma Bay, Hawaii, samples of shoreline water, sand, land runoff, and mongoose and pigeon droppings were analysed for fecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci. The results indicate that the major sources contributing to periodic high levels of bacteria in the waters of the Bay are contaminants of the beach sand, such as pigeon feces.

Secondary effluent reclamation: combination of pre-treatment and disinfection technologies

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1963-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alcalde ◽  
M. Folch ◽  
J. C. Tapias ◽  
F. Martínez ◽  
S. Enguídanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Pre Treatment

A study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of secondary effluent additional treatment, using a combination of pre-treatments (ring filter, physico-chemical and infiltration-percolation) followed by disinfection methods (chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid and ultraviolet light). Three different indicator microorganisms were determined: E. coli, total coliforms and somatic bacteriophages. The results show better efficiency of physico-chemical and infiltration-percolation processes. Bacteriophages were eliminated to a lesser extent than bacterial indicators in all the treatment systems. Chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid seems to be more efficient in disinfection than ultraviolet light when a ring filter is the pre-treatment used. For the same doses and contact times, the efficiency of the disinfection methods is higher when the pre-treatment used is the physico-chemical or the infiltration-percolation system. The final effluent quality from the physico-chemical treatment train and the infiltration-percolation treatment train, followed by the disinfectants, achieves an E. coli content that allows the reuse in most of the uses described in the Spanish legislation for wastewater reuse.

scholarly journals Calidad del agua de distribución en un Centro Universitario rural sin procesos de desinfección de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Javier GARCÍA-VELASCO ◽  
Tania VILLASEÑOR-VARGAS ◽  
Josefina CASAS-SOLÍS ◽  
Aurora ROSAS-RAMÍREZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
University Center ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The University

The University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences (CUCBA) of the University of Guadalajara receives approximately 5700 students, and 1500 of the academic, administrative and visiting staff. The CUCBA is research oriented, therefore, large amount of chemical waste and microbial load is generated by health services. There are two sources of water supply that provide quality drinking water to the student population and two water treatment plants that process the wastewater produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical chemical and bacteriological quality of the water from the sources of supply, storage tanks, distribution network and principals points of use as an area of food and drinkers, as well as the wastewater emitted in triplicate. The water quality index was calculated, and regular values of the water quality of the 10 sampled points were found, and it is noted that, the sampling points with the lowest quality index were the water that leaves the plants of Water treatment, therefore, is not being accomplished with proper water purification.

scholarly journals Impact of Thawing Methods on the Bacteriological Quality of Chicken Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different thawing methods on the bacteriological quality of frozen broiler chicken meat. Forty-five samples of whole frozen broiler chicken carcasses were collected from different supermarkets in Cairo and Giza governorates. These samples were divided into three groups (fifteen samples for each) as follows: the first group was thawed in a household refrigerator at 7ºC for 20hrs., the 2nd group was thawed over the counter-top at ambient temperature (27-29ºC) for 5-6hrs. while, the 3rd group was thawed in microwave oven for 22 to 24mins. All thawed samples (core temperature arrived at 0ºC) were subjected to bacteriological examination immediately after thawing for enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, Staph. aureus count, total Coliforms count and isolation of food borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella and Staph. aureus. In addition, all isolated bacterial strains were exposed to antimicrobial sensitivity test. The results revealed that the lowest bacterial counts were observed in samples thawed in microwave oven, while the highest bacterial counts were recorded in samples thawed over counter-top. Moreover, Staph. aureus, E. coli and S. kentucky were isolated only from samples thawed over the counter-top and these strains were resistant to amoxicillin and sensitive to fosfomycin. Such results indicated that defrosting in microwave oven is quick and easy method for thawing frozen broiler chicken carcasses and provides an appropriate level of security for the consumers and could achieve the microbiological safety objectives while, thawing over counter-top not recommended due to food safety and quality aspect.

scholarly journals TOOTHBRUSH AND TOWEL HANDLING AND THEIR MICROBIAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, NYANKPALA CAMPUS, GHANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Hannah Twumwaa ◽  
Betty Asumang ◽  
Zarouk Abubakari Imoro ◽  
Stephen Wilson Kpordze
Keyword(s):  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
The University

Background: Good toothbrush and towel handling are important considerations in personal hygiene. Thus, this study sought to assess how students of the University for Development Studies handle their toothbrushes and towels and the consequence of that with regards to the microbial quality of these personnel hygiene materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 swap samples were collected (50 toothbrushes and 50 towels) for microbial analysis. Questionnaires were administered to students from whom samples were collected to ascertain information on how they handle toothbrushes and towels. MacConkey agar and Mannitol Salt agar were used to isolate E. coli and S. aureus respectively, and cefoxitin used to identify the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Results: E. coli was present in all sampled towels, while 98% of the sampled toothbrushes contained E. coli. It was found that 2% of the respondents kept their toothbrushes in bathhouses, 44% kept them unenclosed in rooms and 54% kept them enclosed in rooms (54%). Also, 48% of the respondents washed their towels once a week, 24% washed once every two weeks, 20% once every month and 8% once a trimester. Moreover, 52% dried their towels in rooms while 48% dried them outside rooms. The occurrence of S. aureus was 96% and 94% respectively for the towels and toothbrushes. Of the S. aureus isolated, 33.3% of sampled towels and 12.8% of the toothbrushes contained methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Conclusion: This study found that, students are at risk of contracting infectious disease if their personal hygiene behaviours do not changed.

scholarly journals Assessing the water quality of Suva foreshore for the establishment of estuary and marine recreational water guidelines in the Fiji Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneel Pranesh Lal ◽  
Natacha Juste-Poinapen M.S.N. ◽  
Johann Poinapen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
River Site

Abstract The Standards for water quality in Fiji defined in the Environment Management Regulations (2007) only relate to effluent discharge into the environment. Urbanisation is contributing to wastewater contamination in receiving estuary and marine recreational waters, thus requiring specific guidelines. To create a baseline for this, a sampling programme with relevant physico-chemical and biological parameters was implemented at 3 sites along the Suva foreshore, for 8 consecutive months, during low and high tides. Analysis was done in triplicates, using standard methods approved for the examination of water and wastewater. In the absence of relevant Fiji guidelines, the results were compared with ANZECC (2000) guidelines for estuary and marine waters. Low DO levels, high COD, TN, NH3, TP, OP and heavy metal concentrations were measured in all 3 sites. For instance, TN and NH3 concentrations as high as 4.44 ±0.99 mg/L and 2.58 ± 0.89 mg/L respectively were recorded in Wailea river (Site 2). The colony counts for the TC, FC and E. coli were in most cases above the limits. These results confirm that wastewater discharges add to the inherent levels of parameters in receiving water bodies and support the need for a specific, robust Fiji standards to better monitor water quality in foreshore areas.

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