Sand, soil, and pigeon droppings: sources of indicator bacteria in the waters of Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Oshiro ◽  
Roger Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pigeon Droppings ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Land Runoff

To investigate the deteriorating bacteriological water quality of Hanauma Bay, Hawaii, samples of shoreline water, sand, land runoff, and mongoose and pigeon droppings were analysed for fecal coliforms, E. coli and enterococci. The results indicate that the major sources contributing to periodic high levels of bacteria in the waters of the Bay are contaminants of the beach sand, such as pigeon feces.

Water Quality of Swimming Pools in Jerusalem

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lerman ◽  
O. Lev ◽  
A. Adin ◽  
E. Katzenelson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Indicator Microorganisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Indirect Information

The Israel Ministry of Health is now revising its regulations for the assurance of safe water quality in public swimming pools. Since it is not possible to monitor each of the pathogenic microorganisms, it is often recommended to monitor indicator bacteria which provide indirect information on the water quality in the swimming pool. Three indicator microorganisms are often recommended: coliform counts (total coliforms, fecal coliforms or E. Coli), staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. A four year survey of the water quality of swimming pools in the Jerusalem District was conducted in order to determine whether the monitoring of all three indicators is necessary to assure safe water quality or is it sufficient to monitor only a single microorganism. A statistical analysis, conducted by using several different statistical techniques, reveals that the populations of the three indicator organisms are significantly interdependent but the correlations between each pair of these indicators are not sufficient to base a prediction of any of the organisms based on the measurements of the others. Therefore, it is concluded that monitoring of all three indicators should be recommended in order to provide an adequate picture of the water quality in swimming pools.

Monitoring of E. coli and Enterococci in Lake Michigan Beach Sand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Brett Bevers ◽  
Nabila Nafsin ◽  
Qian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sampling Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Concentration

<p>Excessive fecal indicator bacteria concentration leads to swimming advisories that are very common to freshwater beaches. To evaluate the concentration and interaction of indicator bacteria in beach sand and water and to examine the factors that affect bacteria concentration, a study was undertaken at Bradford beach, Milwaukee county on the shore of Lake Michigan. In this research, results from monitoring of E. coli and Enterococci in sand and water from Lake Michigan beach were presented. Bacteria counts were obtained using the IDEXX Most Probable Number (MPN) method. An attempt was made to establish a direct ratio of bacteria counts between the two most common eluents used to detach bacteria from sand, i.e., deionized water (DI) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The beach sand bacteria count was analyzed using the EPA CANARY event detection software to identify the onset of periods of anomalous water quality. Analysis of beach sand from this study show that for E. coli, it may be possible to establish a relationship between the results generated using two eluents. Results from the model indicates that sand can be a better potential reservoir for indicator bacteria survival than water as a source. The results also show that CANARY may be useful as an early warning system for monitoring beach contamination and may help to identify any abnormal condition very quickly. Also, in this study, the factors that contributed to the high concentration of bacteria resulting in abnormal water quality events are examined which are the impact of Algae in beach water sample and the rainfall effect during the overall month of sampling duration. CANARY software can best indicate the impact of the presence of Algae on bacteria concentration. The analysis of rainfall effect on bacteria concentration was done using statistical software by determining the significance (p-value) between the seasonal mean concentration of E. coli and the mean concentration of E. coli during the sampling duration and from the analyses it is evaluated that rainfall does affect the bacteria concentration. Moreover, the correlation coefficient indicates greater impact of rainfall event on bacteria concentration relative to the presence of Algae level. Regression analysis was also done to estimate the best model that describes the relation between E. coli and water temperature resulting in weak negative linear relationship between the variables.</p>

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Javid Ali ◽  
Said Hassan ◽  
Dr Ziaurahman ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Sadhair Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

The present study was aimed to isolate and identify micro-organisms load of drinking water of Mardan city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 27 samples of drinking water were collected from different locations of the study area. Total Plate Count was determined by pour plate method, while total coliforms, total fecal coliforms and E. coli were determined by multiple tube fermentation method. Of the total collected samples, 17 (62.96%) samples were contaminated with either one or more than one type of microorganisms. The results of most probable number test showed that 13 (48.15%) samples were unsatisfactory. It was concluded that the water should be treated before consumption for drinking purpose. Regular assessment of the water quality is recommended as regular monitoring of the water quality for improvement not only prevents disease and hazards but also checks the water resources from becoming further polluted. ECOPRINT 21: 1-6, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11897

Sources of faecal indicator bacteria in a brackish, tropical stream and their impact on recreational water quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Roll ◽  
R. S. Fujioka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sewage Contamination

This study assessed the contribution of water from a stream on the microbial quality of a swimming beach. The faecal indicator bacterial concentrations/100mL in Kaelepulu Stream greatly exceeded the three USEPA recreational water quality standards (200 faecal coliform, 126 E. coli, 33 enterococci). The primary sources for these indicator bacteria were determined to be environmental/non-point sources (tributary streams, storm drains, duck faeces, soil, rain). Sewage discharge is another, although sporadic source. Monitoring waters for C. perfringens was the most reliable indicator of sewage contamination primarily because soil is not a major source of this bacterium. Water from this inland system was a source of faecal indicator recovered from shoreline water samples obtained from Kailua Beach, one of the most popular beaches in the state of Hawaii.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Lela Uyara ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Silwanus M Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform.  Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages   ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

scholarly journals Impact of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in the Contribution Basin of Doutor João Penido Water Supply Reservoir of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Juliana Nazareth de Lana ◽  
Márcio de Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Romario de Paula ◽  
Cézar Henrique Barra Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Supply Reservoirs ◽  
Limnological Parameters

Changes in the land use and land cover in areas adjacent to water reservoirs directly affect the quality of this water. This research presents a study on the water quality in the basin of one of the most important public water supply reservoirs in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The main objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of limnological parameters and the correlation with land use and land cover in the contribution basin of the Doutor João Penido reservoir (CBJPR). The methodology was based on the analysis of water quality parameters, related to water samples collected from 2012 to 2015. Six sampling points were chosen from different locations: spring, medium course, main tributaries of the reservoir and the reservoir catchment. The parameters analyzed were turbidity, total solids (TS), oxygen consumed (OC), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), E. Coli, temperature, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). The Kendall’s tau test was used to analyze the correlations between the parameters of water quality, land use and land cover in the CBJPR. In general, measured parameters showed better results in spring and in reservoir catchment, showing a worse quality of the water along the tributaries and the dilution power of the reservoir. The correlations pointed to the need for protection and preservation of forests in strategic locations to ensure good water quality.

scholarly journals CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE Ulva lactuca Y Ulva clathrata (CHLOROPHYTA) DE LA COSTA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
R. N. Águila-Ramírez ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Astudillo ◽  
R. Guerrero-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Ulva Clathrata

Microbiological quality of Ulva lactuca and Ulva clathrata (Chlorophyta) along the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S., México Total, fecal coliforms and the enterococcus group in Ulva lactuca and U. clathrata were measured in four localities of the coastline of La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico. Levels of fecal coliforms in water were below the standard of the Ecological Criteria of Water Quality (EC-WQ) which indicates a healthy La Paz inlet (below 200 MPN/100ml). Values of fecal coliforms in algae were below the NOM-031-SSA1-1993 levels determined for marine organisms destined for human consumption. These values were high only in few months. No enterococci were detected in the samples.

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN BYRAMANGALA LAKE WATER AND SURROUNDING GROUND WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4RASM) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Babitha Rani ◽  
Dimple Bahri ◽  
Prabin Neupane ◽  
Kunal Kothari ◽  
Vishal Gadgihalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli

A study was carried out to find out the water quality ofByramangala lake of Ramanagara district. The water quality of Byramangala lake water and ground water from bore wells situated in the area within 600 meters surrounding the lake was analyzed. The quality analysis of various parameters such as BODs, COD, DO, E-Coli, and pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids and Total Hardness were tested. In addition, the presence of metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) in the lake water and ground water samples were tested. Results for the various tests conducted showed similar trends for both lake water and ground water. It was observed that certain parameters such as BOD5, and COD were beyond permissible limits as per the BIS standards for drinking water. A few remedial measures have been proposed that may help in mitigating the pollution in the selected project area Byramangala Lake.

scholarly journals Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Reinaldo Romero Vargas ◽  
Antonio Roberto Saad ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Fabrício Bau Dalmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of São Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis (E. coli) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQIM) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli, followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water quality parameters for monitoring natural, urban, and agricultural areas in the Brazilian Cerrado

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Heloisa de Freitas Muniz ◽  
Aline Silva Moraes ◽  
Ingrid de Souza Freire ◽  
Carlos José Domingos da Cruz ◽  
Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ecotoxicological Evaluation

INTRODUCTION: Brazil's Federal District (FD) has seen steep population growth in recent years, and this has increased demand for high-quality water. AIM: The present work aims to evaluate the quality of surface water from two water bodies in the FD at six sampling points, three of which are in the Sobradinho River (the receiving body of a sewage treatment plant effluent) and three in the Jardim River (located in an agricultural region). METHODS: Analyses were carried out every thirty days, for twelve months, covering rainy and dry seasons. Parameters were analyzed such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, main ions, total and fecal coliforms (E. coli) in water. Ecotoxicological evaluation was also performed, using the micro-crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. RESULTS: Data of physical and chemical determinations showed DO, conductivity, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) and Na+ to be important in indicating contamination by urban effluents. On the subject of biological parameters - E. coli and ecotoxicological evaluation - the former was seen to be more effective in the urban area. However, in the countryside, the assay with C. dubia proved to be the most sensitive, although less than ideal, because the organism is very sensitive to low water hardness. CONCLUSIONS: The fecal coliform indicator (E. coli) was the most effective one for comparing water quality in the two basins, mainly for the urbanized one, while ecotoxicity assays with C. dubia were harmed by the natural chemical composition of the water.

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