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Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Luis M. Carrillo-Lopez ◽  
Bianka Y. Cruz-Garibaldi ◽  
Mariana Huerta-Jimenez ◽  
Ivan A. Garcia-Galicia ◽  
Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo

The effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) system (bath, 37 kHz and 90 W/cm2; or probe, 24 kHz and 400 W) and application time (25 or 50 min, one-side exposition) on the properties of bovine Longissimus lumborum after 7 d of storage at 4 °C was studied. The bath system significantly increased the lightness of the muscle, while other color parameters (a*, b*, hue, and chroma) were not different from the control. The water holding capacity and shear force decreased significantly (3.1–5% and 0.59–0.72 kgf, respectively) in sonicated meat independently of the system, favoring the tenderization of the muscle after storage. Microstructural changes observed in the HIU-exposed surface provided evidence of a higher area of interfibrillar spaces (1813 vs. 705 µm2 in the control), producing tenderization of the muscle, compared with the control. HIU significantly increased counts of total aerobic and coliform bacteria, especially after 50 min of ultrasonication. HIU also increased lactic acid bacterial counts in the bath system. Single-sided muscle exposition to ultrasound may produce sufficient significant changes in muscle properties, which could decrease long treatment times that would be needed for the exposition of both sides. HIU in bath systems increases tenderness by modifying meat ultrastructure, with no significant changes in physicochemical parameters. Nevertheless, microbiological quality may need to be considered during the process due to a slight increase in bacterial counts.


Author(s):  
Carmelo S. del Castillo ◽  
Cherry P. Añasco ◽  
Valerie L. Tan ◽  
Albert Noblezada ◽  
Mary J. B. Pagapulan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (D) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Nermine Hassan ◽  
Alaa Diab ◽  
Geraldine Ahmed

AIM: To evaluate the effect of using combined calcium hydroxide/silver nanoparticles or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) individually as intracanal medications in reducing postoperative pain and intracanal bacterial count. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with necrotic mandibular anterior teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups; Ca(OH)2 + AgNPs or AgNPs gel (Intervention Groups) or Ca(OH)2 (Control Group). Patients received a standard 2-visit endodontic treatment and recorded their pain levels after 4, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following the first and second visit on a modified visual analogue scale (VAS). Intracanal bacterial counts were assessed using culturing before and after instrumentation and intracanal medication. Outcome data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher’s Exact tests to compare between the groups and Friedman’s test to assess the changes by time. RESULTS: At 24 hours interappointment the incidence of pain was statistically significant (P = .005) as well as at 48 hours (P = .001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean percentage reduction of anaerobic bacterial counts in the three groups with the highest percentage in the Ca(OH)2 + AgNPs group at 98.9% followed by AgNPs group 98.5% and Ca(OH)2 at 85.3% (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined calcium hydroxide/silver nanoparticles reduced the intracanal bacterial counts significantly, but adversely affected the interappointment pain. Based on that finding, this combination should be tested in different concentrations with different ratios to reach the most effective combination that reduce pain with high antibacterial efficacy.


Author(s):  
Lovelyn Chinyeaka Ugenyi ◽  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Henry Chidozie Amah ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze

This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the antibacterial potentials of violacein extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from domestic and recreational water sources in Owerri, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from different locations of the domestic water sources, five different swimming pools, and three borehole stations using sterile amber bottles. The isolation of C. violaceum was done using pour plate method on nutrient agar. The violet colonies of C. violaceum were counted, characterized and identified using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. The mean viable bacterial counts were high. Water sample from Otamiri station-1 have the highest bacterial count (200 × 101 CFU/ml and 19.50 × 101 CFU/ml) respectively. Swimming pool 1 and 3 bacterial counts were (4.50 × 101 CFU/ml, 11 × 101 CFU/ml and 11.50 × 101 CFU/ml) respectively. For borehole 1, 2 and 3, swimming pool 2, 4 and 5, counts were (0.00 × 101 CFU/ml). Ethanolic extraction of violacein from C. violaceum was performed from a 48-hour culture broth. The sensitivity of the bacteria isolates to violacein was assayed on nutrient agar and nutrient broth by agar diffusion and broth dilution methods respectively. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to the violacein extract at various concentrations, except MRSA that showed resistance to the violacein at 2.19mg/ml for extract from recreational water isolate and at 17.5mg/ml to 2.19mg/ml for extract from domestic water isolates. Conclusively, violacein has the potential to be used as an antibacterial compound for treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
Sarah Rose Fitzpatrick ◽  
Mary Garvey ◽  
Jim Flynn ◽  
Bernadette O’Brien ◽  
David Gleeson

The objective of this study was to determine the benefit of pre-milking teat foam disinfection on the prevention of new infections by contagious and environmental bacteria in two spring calving herds managed outdoors (Herd 1 [H1]; 331 cows and Herd 2 [H2]; 142 cows). Four pre-milking teat preparation treatments were applied post calving; with each herd receiving two treatments; using a split udder design (for approx. 15 weeks). These treatments included; (1) ‘water wash, foam application and dry wipe (WFD) in H1′; (2) ‘water wash and dry wipe (WD)’ in H1; (3) ‘foam application and dry wipe (FD)’ in H2; (4) ‘no teat cleaning preparation (NP)’ in H2. Individual quarter foremilk samples were collected on four occasions and all clinical and sub-clinical cases were recorded. The mean SCC of quarter foremilk samples was 134 × 103 cells/mL and 127 × 103 cells/mL for WD and WFD, respectively, and 109 × 103 cells/mL and 89 × 103 cells/mL for NP and FD, respectively (p > 0.05). Lower bacterial counts were observed on teat skin that received a foaming treatment. Pre-milking teat disinfection using a foaming product may be of little benefit, in early lactation, for a pasture-based dairy herd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Maryjoy Chidinma Maduwuba ◽  
Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili ◽  
Abiye Anthony Ibiene

Crude oil-polluted environment serves as a reservoir of microbial species, especially bacteria. Determining these bacterial genera is of great benefit to environmental assessment and recovery. This study evaluated the bacteria and selected heavy metals present in crude oil-polluted sites in K-dere community, Ogoniland. The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Crude oil-polluted soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from K-dere community, Ogoniland. The pH and heavy metals composition of each sample was determined using pH meter and spectrophotometer, respectively, while isolation and biochemical characterization were done to evaluate the heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria present in each sample. Results revealed that iron (Fe) had the highest concentration in the soil (898.77±0.022 mg/kg) and sediment (1556.7±0.163 mg/kg) samples, while lead (Pb) had the lowest overall concentration. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (10410.5 mg/kg) in soil sample exceeded the DPR standard limit of 5000 mg/kg for soil. The results of total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts (TCHBC) and total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts (TCHUBC) showed that soil and sediment samples had the highest TCHBC and TCHUBC values of 2.66 ± 0.03 x 108 CFU/mL and 4.7 ± 0.14 x 107 CFU/mL respectively. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, Acidiphilium spp, Mycobacterium spp and Leptospirillum spp in the samples with Pseudomonas spp having the highest percentage occurrence. This study has revealed the presence of useful bacterial species in the sampled sites which can be harnessed for an in situ cleaning of crude oil- contaminated site, especially in the tropical region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Maryjoy Chidinma Maduwuba ◽  
Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili ◽  
Abiye Anthony Ibiene

The environmental pollution in the Niger Delta has been a course of concern. Microorganisms such as bacteria have proved to be of great benefit in the degradation of petroleum derived hydrocarbons. This study evaluated the bacteriological and heavy metal concentration of abandoned crude oil–contaminated sites in Gio community, Ogoniland, Nigeria. Soil, water, and sediment samples were collected from the sites. pH and selected heavy metals in the samples were monitored. Isolation and biochemical characterization were done to determine the heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria present in the samples. Soil and sediment samples had pH values of 4.80±0.04 and 4.8±0.07 respectively while the surface and ground water samples had pH values of 6.40±0.216 and 6.50±0.01. Iron had the highest heavy metal concentration in all the samples, especially the sediment (1000.80±0.01 mg/kg) while copper and lead had the lowest concentration of < 0.001mg/kg in all the samples except sediment sample. The total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil (9114.86±0.036 mg/kg), exceeded DPR intervention limit while sediment (1034.46±0.022 mg/kg), surface water (2.515±0.003 µg/L) and ground water sample (32.38±0.99 µg/L) were below DPR’s limit. The soil sample had the highest total culturable heterotrophic bacterial counts and total culturable hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts of 5.20 ± 0.21 X 108 CFU/g and 4.00 ± 0.11 X 107 CFU/g, respectively. The following heterotrophic bacteria were isolated and identified from the samples; Pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, Acidiphilium spp, Acidibrevibacterium spp and Leptospirillum spp. This study has shown the presence of indigenous resident bacteria which possess the ability to degrade hydrocarbons. These bacteria can be improved through bioaugmentation and bio stimulation for the bioremediation of these sites.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
Natalia G.C. Vasileiou ◽  
Efthimia Petinaki ◽  
Peter J. Cripps ◽  
...  

Abstract Dairy goat farming is an important sector of the agricultural industry in Greece, with an annual total milk production exceeding 450 000 l and accounting for over 25% of all goat milk produced in the European Union; this milk is used mainly for cheese production. Despite the importance of goat milk for the agricultural sector in Greece, no systematic countrywide investigations in the bulk-tank milk of goats in Greece have been reported. Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in raw bulk-tank milk of goat herds in Greece, study factors influencing SCC and TBC therein and evaluate their possible associations with milk content. Throughout Greece, 119 dairy goat herds were visited for milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC and TBC were 0.838 × 106 cells ml−1 and 581 × 103 cfu ml−1, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed annual frequency of check-ups of milking system and total milk quantity per goat (among 53 variables) to be significant for increased SCC; no factor emerged (among 58 variables) to be significant for increased TBC. Negative correlation of SCC with total protein was found; mean total protein content in the bulk-tank milk in herds with SCC >0.75 × 106 cells ml−1 was 5.1% lower and in herds with SCC >1.5 × 106 cells ml−1, it was 7.8% lower.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7356
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Dimitra V. Liagka ◽  
Vasia S. Mavrogianni ◽  
...  

The objective was to describe potential associations of somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in bulk-tank milk from sheep and goat farms with breeds of these animals in Greece. In total, 325 dairy sheep flocks and 119 dairy goat herds were visited for the collection of milk; the breed of animals in farms was evaluated for a potential association with SCC or TBC. The most frequently seen sheep breeds were the Lacaune (95 flocks) and the Chios (44 flocks). The most frequently seen goat breeds were the indigenous Greek (Capra prisca) (50 herds) and the Murciano-Granadina (13 herds). In a multivariable analysis, the breed and the application of machine-milking in sheep flocks, and the breed and the management system in goat herds emerged as significant factors for increased SCC (>0.75 × 106 cells mL−1) in bulk-tank milk. Further, the month of lactation at sampling in sheep flocks emerged a significant factor for increased TBC (>1500 × 103 cfu mL−1) in bulk-tank milk.


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