scholarly journals STUDY ON BOTTOM WATER INTAKE FOR CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEM OF POWER STATION SITED ON A BAY

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Senshu ◽  
Akira Wada
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Intake Structure

This report concerns study on a method of taking the cold water from bottom layer with relation to the design of the intake structure of cooling water for the power station sited on a bay. The quantity of cooling water used for condenser system increases year by year along with the construction of thermal power stations of large capacity. If the bottom sea water of low temperature is taken into the condenser cooling system, remarkable saving of fuel expenses can be expected due to the improvement of heat efficiency of turbine. Especially, in case that the location of intake structure of cooling water is chosen at the interior of the reclaimed land or the bay, it is absolutely necessary to take the colder water from the lower layer of the sea, in order to prevent taking hot water over the sea basin where the water temperature of the surface layer is raised by the evacuation of heat of released industrial water. Various hydraulic problems concerning thermal density flow phenomena were examined aiming to obtain the design method of the most effective intake works of cooling water, and the authors proposed a curtain-wall type intake structure. Some results of analysis are described in this paper.

Fluid Mechanical Design of a Dry-Cooling System Thermal Storage Reservoir, or Stratification Minimization in Horizontal Channel Flow

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Guyer ◽  
M. W. Golay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Storage Reservoir ◽  
Dry Cooling

The use of a capacitive Thermal Storage Reservoir (TSR) initially filled with cold water as part of a dry cooling system for a central power station is attractive economically if the reservoir can be designed to operate in an approximate “plug-flow” mode—discharging cold water to the condenser and filling with hot water from the cooling tower. Such a system would avoid the loss of station capacity associated with dry cooling at high dry-bulb temperatures, and the economic penalties due to such losses when they are coincident with electrical demand peaks (as is common in the United States). The initial employment of this concept is most likely to occur in solar-powered thermal electric power stations in arid climates in view of the likely low thermal efficiency and limited cooling water access of such plants. Buoyant flow stratification hinders attaining this goal since it can cause “short circuiting” of the TSR. For adequate flow control, a long narrow reservoir configuration is desirable. In investigating the behavior of such a TSR experimentally, it was found over the range of cases examined that injection of water into a long narrow reservoir which is initially at a different temperature always results in a stratified flow superimposed upon the gross plug flow of the TSR, and it was found that acceptable performance could be obtained inexpensively by placing flow-constricting barriers at regular intervals along the reservoir length. Experimental investigation of barrier design and spacing has permitted definition of a practical prototype TSR design which provides approximately 87 percent of the thermal capacity of a plug flow TSR.

ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DISPERSION IN SELAT SEMBILAN WATERS, NORTH SUMATRA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiral Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Dispersion ◽  
Coal Fire ◽  
Steam Power Plants

Pangkalan Susu Coal Fire Steam Power Plants (CFSPP) are planned to build in Tanjung Pasir Village, Langkat Regency taking sea water as cooling condenser of power plants, and through it back into the sea. To explore the possibilities of re-entry of the circulation of hot water to the intake, it is necessary to study the termal dispersion within the framework of those plans. In this study, numerical modeling to determine termal distribution pattern that comes out from CFSPP outlet. From the study it could be concluded that with the given intake inlet – discharge outfall design configuration and under the worst scenario, cooling water system of Pangkalan Susu unit 3 & 4 is safe i.e. re-circulation of warmcooling water will not happen. The Pangkalan Susu unit 3 & 4 will consume intact sea water (30.5oC). However, the Pangkalan Susu unit 1 & 2 will be influenced by the warm cooling system that may decrease its cooling system efficiency since its inlet is covered by shattered sea water (31.2oC – 32.2oC).keywords : thermal dispersion, power plant. numerical modeling

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of a Solar Driven Absorption Chiller With Partially Wetted Evaporator

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Albers ◽  
Giovanni Nurzia ◽  
Felix Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Solar Cooling System ◽  
Load Conditions

The efficient operation of a solar cooling system strongly depends on the chiller behaviour under part-load conditions since driving energy and cooling load are never constant. For this reason the performance of a single stage, hot water driven 30 kW H2O/LiBr-absorption chiller employed in a solar cooling system with a field of 350 m2 evacuated tube collectors has been analysed under part-load conditions with both simulations and experiments. A simulation model has been developed for the whole absorption chiller (Type Yazaki WFC-10), where all internal mass and energy balances are solved. The connection to the external heat reservoirs of hot, chilled and cooling water is done by lumped and distributed UA-values for the main heat exchangers. In addition to an analytical evaporator model — which is described in detail — experimental correlations for UA-values have been used for condenser, generator and solution heat exchanger. For the absorber a basic model based on Nusselt theory has been employed. The evaporator model was developed taking into account the distribution of refrigerant on the tube bundle as well as the change in operation from a partially dry to an overflowing evaporator. A linear model is derived to calculate the wetted area. The influence of these effects on cooling capacity and COP is calculated for three different combinations of hot and cooling water temperature. The comparison to experimental data shows a good agreement in the various operational modes of the evaporator. The model is able to predict the transition from partially dry to an overflowing evaporator quite well. The present deviations in the domain with high refrigerant overflow can be attributed to the simple absorber model and the linear wetted area model. Nevertheless the results of this investigation can be used to improve control strategies for new and existing solar cooling systems.

Vacuum Cooling of Cooked Mussels (Perna perna)

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Huber ◽  
L. P. Soares ◽  
B. A. M. Carciofi ◽  
H. Hense ◽  
J. B. Laurindo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Vacuum Cooling

Mussels pass through a thermal treatment during industrial processing with hot water or steam and then are pre-cooled before the manual extraction of the meat. This pre-cooling is classically accomplished by the immersion of the cooked mussels in cold water. In this work, vacuum cooling of mussels after the cooking stage was used as a technique to quickly decrease the product temperature and to avoid a possible microbial contamination by the cooling water or by manipulation. In about 3 minutes, mussels were cooled from about 90 °C to 20 °C. The relative weight loss during the vacuum cooling of the whole sample (meat and shell) was about 8% of the initial sample’s weight, for temperatures drop cited above. In this way, there was a 8.7 0.26 °C temperature drop for each 1% of weight loss. For separated meat (without shell), the ratio was 7.5 0.30 ºC per 1% weight loss, which agreed with the literature for vacuum cooling of meats in general. A simple numerical simulation was able to determine weight loss during the vacuum cooling process, providing data that agreed very well with experimental results. The vacuum cooling technique is a promising alternative for processing pre-cooked mussels, because process time is shortened and cross-contamination risk is significantly reduced in the cooling stage. The water loss is not a serious problem when the cooled mussels are canned in brine.

Analysis on Affecting Factors of Slab Surface Transversal Corner Crack for Medium-Carbon Steel with Boron in Continuous Casting

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1890-1895
Author(s):  
Qi Chun Peng ◽  
Zhi Bo Tong ◽  
Dan Ping Fan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Corner Crack ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Degradation Ratio

Based on the production practice of boron microalloyed medium-carbon steel, oscillating curve, cooling water flow in mould, secondary cooling system and arc alignment precision, rolling gap precision on transversal corner crack in slab was analyzed, and the corresponding control measures were put forward. Such as: Stabilizing the [S] and making w(S） less than 0.015%; Increasing Mn/S, and making the Mn/S was not less than 37.6 in A36-LB; Strictly controlling the w(Ca)/w(Als) was more than 0.09. Decreasing stroke 1mm and improving frequency to reduce negative sliding time 32%; Stabilizing cooling water around 4000/380 L/min, less cooling, reduce the total water cold water and 50% Side water; Testing rolling gap termly, strengthening maintenance and Replacing bad roller column to make sure precision in the reasonable scope, the measures above suppressed the corner crack in slab effectively, and it’s degradation ratio and quality disputes were below that of Q235B in the mouth production level.

scholarly journals The Design and Installation of a Combined Concentrating Power Station, Solar Cooling System and Domestic Hot Water System

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy P. Osborne ◽  
Paul Kohlenbach ◽  
Uli Jakob ◽  
Johan Dreyer ◽  
Jamey Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Cooling System

Thermal Effects of Nuclear Power Stations

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
G. Bethlendy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Even with the latest technology, more than 60% of the heat produced by any thermal engine - whether the fuel is coal, oil, gas or uranium - must be taken back into the environment by cooling water or exhaust gas. For economical reasons, the usual means of disposing of the “waste” heat from a thermal-power plant is to pump river, lake or sea water through the parts of the plant concerned. Nuclear power plants use their heat as efficiently as older thermal plants, 30–33%. Modern thermal plants, however work with as high as 40% efficiency, and release about 10–13% of their total fuel-heat into the air through the stack. As a result of the combination of all these factors, nuclear power plants release about 68–70% of total input heat into the cooling water. In practice this means that the plant must be able to draw upon a source of cooling water which is large enough, which flows quickly or is cold enough not to be seriously effected by the return of warmed-up water from the power station. Where this is not possible, it may be necessary to build relatively expensive cooling ponds and/or towers so that the heat is also released to the air rather than only to a local body of water. The thermal effects could be detrimental or beneficial depending on the utilization of the water body. At the present time the utilities are aware of these problems and very extensive aquatic studies are being made before and after the construction of the plants. Some beneficial uses of waste heat are being sought via research and demonstration projects (e.g. in agriculture, aquaculture, district heating, etc.).

Simulation and performance study of a two-bed adsorption cooling system operated with activated carbon-ethanol

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110420
Author(s):  
V Baiju ◽  
A Asif Sha ◽  
NK Mohammed Sajid ◽  
K Muhammedali Shafeeque
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Cooling System

This paper presents the transient model of a two-bed adsorption cooling system performed in the SIMULINK platform. The inlet chilled water temperature in the evaporator, temperature of cooling water and hot water temperature of the adsorbent bed and its effect on systems coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect and specific cooling power have been studied and presented. It is observed that the systems coefficient of performance is 0.57 when the inlet hot water temperature about 80 °C. In this study, the optimum cooling power and systems coefficient of performance are also determined in terms of the phase time, shifting duration and hot water inflow temperature. The results indicates that the cooling water and hot water inlet temperatures significantly affects the coefficient of performance, specific cooling power and cooling power of the system. The effect of mass flow rate on the cooler efficiency is also presented. A two bed adsorption system of capacity 13.5 kW having an evaporator and condenser temperatures of 6°C and 28°C, respectively, are considered for the present investigation. The adsorbent mass considered is 45 kg with a shifting duration of 20 sec. The result of this study gives the basis for performance optimization of a practical continuous operating vapour adsorption cooler.

scholarly journals CFD Simulation of Silica Gel as an Adsorbent on Finned Tube Adsorbent Bed

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Kurniawan ◽  
Nasruddin ◽  
Asep Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Conservation Equations ◽  
Absolute Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Technology

The adsorption technology is becoming the more expected solution by today’s researchers for fix the energy and environmental issues. The main part of the cooling system adsorption is adsorbent and adsorbate. One of the most widely used adsorbents in research of adsorption technology is silica gel. A new silica gel-water adsorption chiller design was developed that composed of two sorption chambers with compact fin tube heat exchangers as adsorber, condenser, and evaporator. Energy, mass, and momentum conservation equations of the adsorption systems have been used for the CFD two and three dimensional models. The geometry of simulation is simply made within silica gel layer between two fins. The simulation is also implemented using a finite volume method through the CFD software Fluent. User defined functions are given to modify the energy, mass, and momentum conservation equations. The simulation of adsorption process is adjusted at unsteady condition. Adsorption and desorption processes are simulated with room temperature for cooling water inlet at temperature 305.15 °K, hot water inlet at temperature 353.15 °K, mass flow rate cooling water inlet at 0.3 kg/s and pressure 32 KPa. For the whole adsorbent bed area, the result shows that the highest absolute adsorption rate at the outer surface, while the lowest rate is at the center. After adsorption was finished, the condition is reversed. The highest absolute adsorption rate is achieved at center, while the lowest rate is achieved at the outer surface.

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of a Solar Driven Absorption Chiller With Partially Wetted Evaporator

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Albers ◽  
Giovanni Nurzia ◽  
Felix Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Solar Cooling System ◽  
Load Conditions

The efficient operation of a solar cooling system strongly depends on the chiller behavior under part load conditions, since driving energy and cooling load are never constant. For this reason, the performance of a single stage, hot water driven 30 kW H2O/LiBr-absorption chiller employed in a solar cooling system with a field of 350 m2 evacuated tube collector has been analyzed under part load conditions with both simulations and experiments. A simulation model has been developed for the whole absorption chiller (Type Yazaki WFC-10), where all internal mass and energy balances are solved. The connection to the external heat reservoirs of hot, chilled, and cooling water is done by lumped and distributed UA values for the main heat exchangers. In addition to an analytical evaporator model—which is described in detail—experimental correlations for UA values have been used for the condenser, generator, and solution heat exchanger. For the absorber, a basic model based on the Nusselt theory has been employed. The evaporator model was developed, taking into account the distribution of refrigerant on the tube bundle, as well as the change in operation from a partially dry to an overflowing evaporator. A linear model is derived to calculate the wetted area. The influence of these effects on cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) is calculated for three different combinations of hot and cooling water temperature. The comparison to experimental data shows a good agreement in the various operational modes of the evaporator. The model is able to predict the transition from partially dry to an overflowing evaporator quite well. The present deviations in the domain with high refrigerant overflow can be attributed to the simple absorber model and the linear wetted area model. Nevertheless, the results of this investigation can be used to improve control strategies for new and existing solar cooling systems.

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