scholarly journals Analysis of Flight Trajectory Characteristics of the MRBM by Adjusting the Angle of a Flight Path

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Jiwon Kim ◽  
Yong Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Flight Path ◽  
Flight Trajectory

scholarly journals Gap perception in bumblebees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Ravi ◽  
Olivier Bertrand ◽  
Tim Siesenop ◽  
Lea-Sophie Manz ◽  
Charlotte Doussot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Flight Tunnel ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Lateral Velocity ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Aerial Navigation ◽  
Lateral Displacements

AbstractA number of insects fly over long distances below the natural canopy where the physical environment is highly cluttered consisting of obstacles of varying shape, size and texture. While navigating within such environments animals need to perceive and disambiguate environmental features that might obstruct their flight. The most elemental aspect of aerial navigation through such environments is gap identification and passability evaluation. We used bumblebees to seek insights into the mechanisms used for gap identification when confronted with an obstacle in their flight path and behavioral compensations employed to assess gap properties. Initially, bumblebee foragers were trained to fly though an unobstructed flight tunnel that led to a foraging chamber. After the bees were familiar with this situation, we placed a wall containing a gap that unexpectedly obstructed the flight path on a return trip to the hive. The flight trajectories of the bees as they approached the obstacle wall and traversed the gap were analyzed in order to evaluate their behavior as a function of the distance between the gap and a background wall that was placed behind the gap. Bumblebees initially decelerate when confronted with an unexpected obstacle. Deceleration was first noticed when the obstacle subtended around 35° on the retina but also depended on the properties of the gap. Subsequently the bees gradually traded off their longitudinal velocity to lateral velocity and approached the gap increasing lateral displacements and lateral velocity. Bumblebees shaped their flight trajectory depending on the salience of the gap, in our case, indicated by the optic flow contrast between the region within the gap and on the obstacle, which increases with decreasing distance between the gap and the background wall. As the optic flow contrast decreased the bees spent increasing time moving laterally across the obstacles. During these repeated lateral maneuvers the bees are likely assessing gap geometry and passability.

How do athletes cause ball flight path deviation in high-performance interceptive ball sports? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110473
Author(s):  
Cody Lindsay ◽  
Brad Clark ◽  
Kane Middleton ◽  
Rian Crowther ◽  
Wayne Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Ball Flight ◽  
Change Task ◽  
Path Deviation

Athletes alter ball flight trajectory in interceptive ball sports to change task constraints that their opponents must overcome to successfully meet the ball in flight. This systematic review identified how athletes change their techniques to alter the ball flight trajectory in high-performance interceptive sports where the ball is projected by the hand towards an opponent. Studies that reported the kinematics or ball flight characteristics of these movements were searched for using SportsDiscus, Scopus, MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus databases up to 27 April 2021. Forty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria, including 19 baseball, 12 cricket, five handball, four softball, three volleyball and five water polo studies. Extracted data were presented as ranges and descriptively analysed to report athlete sporting actions. Trajectory deviation can be caused by imparting an altered seam orientation or spin rate and axis of rotation on the ball. Athletes impart sidespin or manipulate seam orientation to cause lateral deviation while topspin and backspin are used to create vertical changes in the flight path. Adjusting the shoulder, forearm, wrist, hand and fingers of the throwing or striking arm can be used to impart an altered seam orientation or spin rate and axis of rotation on the ball. The findings of this review could assist coaches and athletes across a variety of sports to improve the ability to deviate the ball during flight.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FLIGHT TRAJECTORY ACCURACY / IŠORINIŲ FAKTORIŲ ĮTAKOS NEDIDELIO AUTONOMINIO ORLAIVIO SKRYDŽIO TRAJEKTORIJOS TIKSLUMUI VERTINIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-582
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Kikutis ◽  
Jonas Stankūnas
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Circular Trajectory ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Wind Influence ◽  
Main Factors

Today small unmanned aircraft are being more widely adapted for practical tasks. These tasks require high reliability and flight path accuracy. For such aircraft we have to deal with the chalenge how to compensate external factors and how to ensure the accuracy of the flight trajectory according to new regulations and standards. In this paper, new regulations for the flights of small unmanned aircraft in Lithuanian air space are discussed. Main factors, which affect errors of the autonomous flight path tracking, are discussed too. The emphasis is on the wind factor and the flight path of Dubbin’s trajectories. Research was performed with mathematical-dynamic model of UAV and it was compared with theoretical calculations. All calculations and experiments were accomplished for the circular part of Dubbin’s paths when the airplane was trimmed for circular trajectory flight in calm conditions. Further, for such flight the wind influence was analysed. Nedideli autonominiai orlaiviai yra vis plačiau pritaikomi praktinėms užduotims, kurioms reikalingas aukštas skrydžio patikimumas bei trajektorijos tikslumas, vykdyti. Kuriant bei naudojant tokius orlaivius, reikia vertinti egzistuojančių standartų bei taisyklių reikalavimus ir išorinių faktorių įtaką skrydžių trajektorijos tikslumui. Darbe aptariamos naujausios skrydžių autonominiais orlaiviais Lietuvoje taisyklės bei pagrindiniai faktoriai, darantys įtaką skrydžio trajektorijos paklaidoms. Darbe didžiausias dėmesys skirtas vėjo faktoriaus įtakos skrydžio trajektorijai vertinti, kai automatinio valdymo sistema nesiima koreguojamųjų veiksmų. Tyrimas atliktas remiantis teoriniais skaičiavimais bei traktuojant, kad orlaivis – taškinis kūnas. Šie rezultatai palyginti su gautaisiais panaudojus orlaivio dinaminį modelį.

scholarly journals Optimization of an aircraft flight trajectory in the GLONASS dynamic accuracy field

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
O. N. Skrypnik ◽  
E. E. Nechaev ◽  
N. G. Arefyeva ◽  
R. O. Arefyev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Geometric Dilution Of Precision ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theory Of Graphs

The authors consider the problem of optimization of aircraft flight trajectories in air traffic management (ATM) on the basis of flexible routing technologies which involve the use of satellite navigation systems (SNS). It is shown that in optimizing a trajectory it is necessary to take into account the accuracy of track holding during the flight which depends on the accuracy of the navigation system and external flight path disturbances, e.g. wind. For solving the task of optimization the authors propose to use the theory of graphs. The technique of constructing a dynamic SNS accuracy field and representing it as a graph was developed. It is proposed that the SNS field be characterized by geometric dilution of precision changing both in space and in time. Based on the theory of graphs (A-star algorithm) the technique of constructing a trajectory of optimal length with changing the SNS accuracy and external flight path disturbances is proposed. The criterion of optimization based on minimizing the true track is offered. The cost function taking into account the track holding accuracy in navigating by SNS and effects of external flight disturbances is justified. The article presents the results of A-star algorithm application for constructing an optimal flight trajectory under conditions of SNS accuracy field variation and presence of prohibited zones in the provided airspace.

Algorithm of Launched Vehicles Mass Calculation at the Early Stage of Designing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gaynutdinova ◽  
T. Gaynutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Vehicle Mass ◽  
Flight Path Angle

Launching mass of pilotless vehicle bounds with flight path. Required fuel mass depends from flight trajectory. Design calculation of vehicle mass and flight trajectory are in close bind. We suggest numerical algorithm of design calculation of vehicle flight mass and optimal characteristics of flight trajectory – initial flight-path angle and flight time to target.

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

A Study on Estimation of Aircraft Interference Resolution Procedure by Surveillance-Derived Flight Trajectory

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (0) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki KOZUKA ◽  
Yoshikazu MIYAZAWA ◽  
Navinda Kithmal WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
Mark BROWN ◽  
Yutaka FUKUDA
Keyword(s):  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Interference Resolution

SIMULATION OF THE FLIGHT OF A DROP OF GALVANIC ELECTROLYTE IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS FIELD OF AN ELECTRIC CATCHER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Garshin ◽  
◽  
A.R. Lebedev ◽  
S.E. Geraskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
Inhomogeneous Field ◽  
Inhomogeneous Electric Field ◽  
Trajectory Method

The article shows the relations for modeling an inhomogeneous electric field and the flight path of a drop of galvanic electrolyte in it. Estimates are preliminary. Articles and patents of authors in which non-uniform fields are already used are given. A modified trajectory method is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of trapping harmful electrolyte droplets.

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