scholarly journals A Temporal Distribution Method of Probable Rainfall for Planning a Storm Sewer Network in an Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Jongpyo Park ◽  
Taeuk Kang ◽  
Sangho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Storm Sewer

Simulation of the Cooking Organic Aerosol Concentration Variability in an Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Siouti ◽  
Ksakousti Skyllakou ◽  
Ioannis Kioutsioukis ◽  
Giancarlo Ciarelli ◽  
Spyros N. Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Cooking Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Lunch Time

<p>Cooking operations can be an important fine PM source for urban areas. Cooking emissions are a source of pollution that has been often ignored and are not included or are seriously underestimated in urban emission inventories. However, several field studies in cities all over Europe suggest that cooking organic aerosol (COA) can be an important component of the total organic PM. In this study we propose and evaluate a methodology for the simulation of the COA concentration and its variability in space and time in an urban area. The city of Patras, the third biggest in Greece is used for this first application for a typical late summer period. The spatial distribution of COA emissions is based on the exact location of restaurants and grills, while the emissions on the meat consumption in Greece. We estimated COA emissions of 150 kg d<sup>-1</sup> that corresponds to 0.6 g d<sup>-1</sup> per person. The temporal distribution of COA was based on the known cooking times and the results of the past field studies in the area. Half of the daily COA is emitted during dinner time (21:00-0:00 LT), while approximately 25% during lunch time (13:00-16:00 LT). The COA is simulated using the Volatility Basis Set with a volatility distribution measured in the laboratory and is treated as semivolatile and reactive. The maximum average COA concentration during the simulation period is predicted to be 1.3 μg m<sup>-3</sup> in a mainly pedestrian area with a high density of restaurants. Peak hourly COA concentrations in this area exceed 10 μg m<sup>-3</sup> during several nights. The local production of secondary COA is predicted to be slow and it represents just a few percent of the total COA.</p><p> </p>

Research on Stormwater Catchments Delineation in Urban Area Based on DEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3314-3317
Author(s):  
Hai Ping Zhang ◽  
Cai Xia Hao ◽  
Guo Li Yang ◽  
Dong Mei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Manual Delineation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Urban Storm ◽  
Storm Sewer

Catchments delineation is important for urban storm sewer design, traditional manual delineation depends on the experience and is time consuming. With consideration of features like roads and streams that affect catchments dynamics, a GIS-based delineation approach is presented. Using sink filling, reconditioning and hydro analysis method, the catchments can be delineated automatically and precisely based on digital elevation models (DEM).

scholarly journals Decision making in flood risk based storm sewer network design

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sun ◽  
S. Djordjević ◽  
S. T. Khu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Pareto Front ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Storm Sewer

It is widely recognised that flood risk needs to be taken into account when designing a storm sewer network. Flood risk is generally a combination of flood consequences and flood probabilities. This paper aims to explore the decision making in flood risk based storm sewer network design. A multi-objective optimization is proposed to find the Pareto front of optimal designs in terms of low construction cost and low flood risk. The decision making process then follows this multi-objective optimization to select a best design from the Pareto front. The traditional way of designing a storm sewer system based on a predefined design storm is used as one of the decision making criteria. Additionally, three commonly used risk based criteria, i.e., the expected flood risk based criterion, the Hurwicz criterion and the stochastic dominance based criterion, are investigated and applied in this paper. Different decisions are made according to different criteria as a result of different concerns represented by the criteria. The proposed procedure is applied to a simple storm sewer network design to demonstrate its effectiveness and the different criteria are compared.

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