Comparative evaluation of a new frugal binocular indirect ophthalmoscope

Objectives We compare the optical quality and design characteristic a new low cost solar powered binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO), Holo, to Keeler BIO. Methods Twenty-four participants each examined 10 simulation eyes using both the Holo and the Keeler BIO with a 30-diopter condensing lens. Number of Lea symbols printed on the retina of simulation eyes seen and time taken to identify them was recorded. Stereoacuity of 12 participants was tested while using the BIOs. Using 7-point Likert scale, participants gave feedback on design characteristic of both BIOs. Results There was no statistical difference in number of Lea symbols correctly identified (15.63/20 for Holo vs. 15/20 for Keeler BIO, p = 0.366, paired t test) or time taken to correctly identify each symbol (Holo 0.39 s faster; 95% confidence interval −2.24 to 3.03 s, p = 0.763) using each device. 12 out of 12 participants achieved stereoacuity of 60 arcsec using the Holo while with the Keeler BIO 11 achieved 60 arcsec and one 90 arcsec. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores for clarity of view, quality of illumination, field of view, binocularity, eye strain and robustness between the two devices. The Holo, scored higher for ease of use (6.5 vs. 6, p = 0.00488, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), comfort of wear (6 vs. 5, p = 0.000337) and portability (7 vs. 6, p = 0.000148). Conclusion The Holo has the potential to be a clinically useful yet affordable diagnostic tool suitable for the first time of equipping eye care workers in low resource settings with a BIO at volume.

Analysis of transportation access and geological knowledge based on GIS technologies for exploration planning in Altai-Sayany fold area

The paper assesses transportation access for various regions of the southwestern Altai-Sayany fold area (ASFA) and analyzes geological knowledge about gold based on spatial data analysis using GIS technologies. This work is based on our technique. This technique allowed to convert qualitative concepts (access, knowledge and development) into quantitative indicators useful to compare various clusters within one region as well as various regions. The main constituents of transportation access (distance from roads, topography slope and terrain trafficability) are characterized in detail. The main computation methods and design characteristic visualization techniques are presented. Quantification of gold knowledge density allowed validation of its diversity and recognition of underexplored areas. Based on complexing the obtained digital data, the paper shows that underexplored gold districts and clusters are identified in the southern, less accessible part. Correlation of trafficability and geological knowledge is revealed; these indicators are found to affect metallogenic zoning concepts. The conclusion is validated that the current ideas about ASFA gold potential and metallogenic zoning are determined by both geology and trafficability, and the current geological know-ledge level.

Mastering the art of meeting optimization

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper concentrates on the meeting design characteristic of meeting size in order to uncover how this impacts employee engagement and task performance within an organization. The results revealed that meetings viewed by employees as being effective does boost their engagement level at work. Furthermore small meeting sizes consisting of well-chosen participants transpired to be the most effective format for yielding improved end-of-the-day task performance in the participants. Managers are therefore advised to seek feedback on the relevance of their meeting invitations, and carefully consider who is likely to add value to a meeting. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

The design characteristic of VIP terminal of airport

This article discusses the key points of the VIP terminal design, and discusses in detail the difference between VIP terminal and the large-scale terminal from the aspects of passengers, scale, service, and plane functions.