The role of airborne transmission in a large single source outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a Belgian nursing home in 2020

Objectives: To better understand the conditions which have led to one of the largest COVID-19 outbreaks in Belgian nursing homes in 2020. Setting: A nursing home in Flanders, Belgium, which experienced a massive outbreak of COVID-19 after a cultural event. An external volunteer who dressed as a legendary figure visited consecutively the 4 living units and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 the next day. Within days, residents started to display symptoms and the outbreak spread rapidly within the nursing home. Methods: We interviewed key informants and collected standardized data from all residents retrospectively. A batch of 115 positive samples with a Ct value of <37 by qRT-PCR were analysed using whole-genome sequencing. Six months after the outbreak, ventilation assessment of gathering rooms in the nursing home was done using a tracer gas test with calibrated CO2 sensors. Results: Timeline of diagnoses and symptom onsets clearly pointed to the cultural event as the start of the outbreak, with the volunteer as index case. The genotyping of positive samples depicted the presence of one large cluster, suggesting a single source outbreak. The global attack rate among residents was 77% with a significant association between infection and presence at the event. Known risk factors such as short distance to or physical contact with the volunteer, and wearing of a mask during the event were not associated with early infection. The ventilation assessment showed a high background average CO2 level in four main rooms varying from 657 ppm to 846 ppm. Conclusions: Our investigation shows a rapid and widespread single source outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a nursing home, in which airborne transmission was the most plausible explanation for the massive intra-facility spread. Our results underscore the importance of ventilation and air quality for the prevention of future outbreaks in closed facilities.

Ghevond Alishan's Literary Activity Through the Light of Russian

The history of Russian-Armenian literary relationships is one of the brightest and most significant events of the time. It undoubtedly enhanced the mutual cultural heritage and left a profound mark on the worldview, moral and aesthetic values of Armenian and Russian writers, translators, and literary critics. Since the beginning of the 20th-century Armenian culture, mainly Armenian literature, aroused great interest among such outstanding classics, as M. Gorky, V. Bryusov, A. Blok, O. Mandelstam, A. Bely, A. Akhmatova and others who not only appreciated its aesthetic and stylistic texture but also embarked on the laborious work of translating its best achievements into Russian. In this sense, the anthology "The Poetry of Armenia from Ancient Times to the Present" in 1916 can be considered a significant cultural event. It was edited by Valery Bryusov, who also wrote the introductory part of the work. The publication was carried out with M. Gorky's direct assistance and support. It should be noted that many Russian translations done by V. Bryusov and A. Blok are still brilliant samples of the artistic heritage of translation. The present work focuses on the evaluations and interpretations of Russian critics (V. Bryusov, Y. Veselovsky) of the creative heritage of Gh. Alishan, his poetic individuality and the influence on the development of the literary process of that time. It also reveals the role of Russian poets, translators and literary critics in promoting the publication and popularization of Bryusov's anthology as a significant cultural event of the time. The section of the anthology "Poetry of Western Armenians" includes the most famous poems of Gh. Alishan, M. Peshiktashlyan, P. Duryan, Sipil, L. Shant, and others are parallelly illustrated by the excellent translations of V. Bryusov, S. Shervinsky, V. Khodasevich, K. Balmont, S. Bobrov and others. The scientific research has shown that among Russian poets and translators, Bryusov was one of the first interested in Gh. Alishan's literary works and his bright poetic individuality. It can be explained by the fact that Alishan was a well-known representative of Western Armenian poetry and a comprehensive creator of his time, a man with encyclopedic knowledge. In addition, he was a historian, philosopher, translator, philosopher, geographer who devoted his whole life to science and enlightenment. Bryusov was also a gifted man. He had a poetic talent; he contributed to improving the Russian dialect, elevating it to a new, higher level. Consequently, there are many common features between Bryusov and Alishan. These are the breadth of the intellectual range, brilliant knowledge of languages and world literature, devotion to scientific activities, profound love for their Motherland, its cultural values and the highest level of humanism. Undoubtedly, they were outstanding figures of their era who made a significant contribution to the development of culture, science and literature. This article is an attempt at a comprehensive study of the principles of the Russian translation theory used in the translation of Armenian literature, with particular reference to the poem "Hrazdan", an extract from Gh. Alishan's patriotic lyrics. The proficiency of Russian translators and the revelation of Armenian linguistic and national characteristics helped them interpret the linguo-stylistic peculiarities of the original and recreate their equivalent counterparts.

For the Love of Art? Episodic Volunteering at Cultural Events

Although episodic volunteering is a popular form of volunteering and has received increasing attention from researchers, the motives and characteristics of episodic volunteers in different industries or types of events remain underresearched, especially in the context of cultural events. This study is based on a sample of more than 2000 episodic volunteers and analyzes demographic characteristics, motives, and volunteer experience of cultural event volunteers by applying between and within analysis. The between analysis compares cultural and social event volunteers and finds that cultural event volunteers show higher time engagement but are more self-serving in their motives. The within analysis emphasizes intrinsic motives over extrinsic motives, leading to the conclusion that saturation of extrinsic motives reduces willingness for future engagements.

Unpacking the role of self-congruence, attendee engagement and emotional attachment in cultural events

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between self-congruence and attendee engagement in explaining emotional attachment in the context of cultural events.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modelling with partial least squares analysis has been applied. Data were collected from 421 respondents through an onsite survey during the Yi Peng and Loy Krathong festive week in Thailand.FindingsThe findings revealed that self-congruence (i.e. actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence) has a positive influence on attendee engagement. When attendees' actual self and ideal self-match with the event image, they are more likely to actively engage in the event activities.Originality/valueThe findings offer insights into one type of events, the cultural event, which is a common event in Thailand. This study is also one among a handful works that investigates the moderating role of perceived crowding on the relationship between attendees' actual and ideal self-congruence and engagement with the event. Although the findings do not suggest a significant moderating effect, this study provides preliminary insight into how perceived crowding shapes the perception of tourists in a cultural event context.

Irish Gymnasts on Tour: The Women’s League and Women’s Exercise in 1940s Ireland

In 1949 the Irish branch of the Women’s League of Health and Beauty travelled to Stockholm, Sweden to take part in the second annual Lingiad Festival. Created the previous decade to celebrate the gymnastic system of Per Henrik Ling established in the early nineteenth-century, the Festival was a multisporting cultural event open to groups from around the world. One such group was the Women’s League of Health and Beauty. Founded in London in 1930 by the Irish-born Mary Bagot Stack, the League marked the decade’s most expansive form of exercise for women. Owing to the League’s Irish connection, the first League branch came to Belfast in 1930 and was followed by a Dublin branch some years later. Open to women across the life cycle, the League was targeted at both the working woman and the stay-at-home mother. Where previous studies have examined the creation of the League in Ireland, this piece focuses on the League’s appearance at the 1949 Lingiad. Despite numerous appeals for government funding, the League was forced to raise its own funds for the trip, a point which rankled many journalists both before and after the tournament. There was an inherent tension in the League’s involvement. On the one hand, it offered new opportunities for female exercise and provided a fillip for further engagement. That withstanding, the ongoing difficulties experienced by the League in actually making it to Lingiad highlighted the secondary, and often forgotten, nature of women’s exercise in Ireland at this time. Using memoirs, film and newspaper articles, the piece positions the League’s Lingiad trip as symbolic of both the advances and restrictions inherent in women’s exercise in mid twentieth-century Ireland.

PAN HALIPPA, MEMORIALIST AND LITERARY PUBLICIST

In this article the author examines the memorialism and literary publishing of Pan Halippa (01.08.1883 – 30.04.1979), poet and publicist. Subjective narratives in the intimate diary, memories, autobiography, the chronicle of life, letters, even the steps before the courts are made not to tell his life, but to justify the need for an important fact related to his destiny, to the vagaries of history. Programme articles, studies, conferences, reviews, written over three periods in totally different social-political contexts (tsarist empire, interwar Romania and communist regime), require a differentiated reception, always related to the nuances of one or another cultural event or phenomenon.

TRUYỀN THÔNG TRÊN BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ VỀ SỰ KIỆN TƯỞNG NIỆM 200 NĂM NGÀY MẤT CỦA NGUYỄN DU

A series of activities were held in 2020 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Nguyen Du’s death. This paper analyzes the recent coverage by media and communications about the commemoration ceremonies and provides an evaluation of the advantages and limitations of promoting a cultural event in Vietnamese online newspapers. This paper examines topics, types, forms, feedback, tags, and info boxes on four websites: Tuoi Tre online, VnExpress, Zing News, and Ha Tinh online from June to October 2020.

Favorable Evaluations of Black and White Women’s Workplace Anger During the Era of #MeToo

Researchers investigating gender and anger have consistently found that White women, but not White men, are evaluated unfavorably when experiencing anger in the workplace. Our project originally aimed to extend findings on White women’s, Black women’s, and White men’s workplace anger by examining whether evaluations are exacerbated or buffered by invalidating or affirming comments from others. In stark contrast to previous research on gender stereotyping and anger evaluations, however, results across four studies (N = 1,095) showed that both Black and White women portrayed as experiencing anger in the workplace were evaluated more favorably than White men doing so. After Study 1’s initial failure to conceptually replicate, we investigated whether perceivers’ evaluations of women’s workplace anger could have been affected by the contemporaneous cultural event of #MeToo. Supporting this possibility, we found evaluations were moderated by news engagement and beliefs that workplace opportunities are gendered. Additionally, we found invalidating comments rarely affected evaluations of a protagonist yet affirming comments tended to favorably affect evaluations. Overall, findings suggest the need for psychologists to consider the temporary, or perhaps lasting, effects of cultural events on research outcomes.

Smart Tourist Behavior in Wine Cultural Event

This study aims to investigate smart tourism behavior in wine cultural event, and used valid survey data of 419 tourists in wine cultural event held at Yibin and tested proposed hypotheses undertaken ANOVA. The results showed that the impacts of smart tools on satisfaction, word-of-mouth(WOM), novelty and tourism inertia differed significantly and the impacts of smart tools on the relationships between latent variables differed significantly. This study provided theoretical and practical significance for the development of smart wine tourism.

Acculturation of Sam Poo Kong Temple as a Cultural Unity in Semarang City (Study of History and Environment)

This environmental-based cultural learning is an attempt to represent the existing culture in Indonesia, especially in Semarang. The city of Semarang itself has witnessed the culture itself. This city has a building that has high historical and cultural value. The building is the Sam Poo Kong Temple. This historical and cultural building has become a symbol of tolerance between religious communities. In Indonesia there are often political issues that carry religion and race, however, above all that there is unity between religions and races as well. Through a coastal cultural event held in Sam Poo Kong with the arrival of cak Nun (April 18, 2019), it will make residents more concerned about unity and ignore the issues of division that exist. In practice the method follow the steps in stages as follows inventory and identification of acculturation of Sam Poo Kong temple and text compilation method, which is the collection of the best spoken text which will be used as the selected text with coastal communities theory. The conclusion is this coastal culture in Sam Poo Kong that will promote harmony, peace, and respect. This culture will fight against religion and ethnic issues that will harm this country.