An Automatic and Operational Method for Land Cover Change Detection Using Spatiotemporal Analysis of MODIS Data: A Northern Ontario (Canada) Case Study

Mapping and understanding the differences in land cover and land use over time is an essential component of decision-making in sectors such as resource management, urban planning, and forest fire management, as well as in tracking of the impacts of climate change. Existing methods sometimes pose a barrier to the effective monitoring of changes in land cover and land use, since a threshold parameter is often needed and determined based on trial and error. This study aimed to develop an automatic and operational method for change detection on a large scale from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Super pixels were the basic unit of analysis instead of traditional individual pixels. T2 tests based on the feature vectors of temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature were used for change detection. The developed method was applied to data over a predominantly vegetated area in northern Ontario, Canada spanning 120,000 sq. km from 2001–2016. The accuracies ranged between 78% and 88% for the NDVI-based test, from 74% to 86% for the LST-based test, and from 70% to 86% for the joint method compared with manual interpretation. Our proposed method for detecting land cover change provides a functional and viable alternative to existing methods of land cover change detection as it is reliable, repeatable, and free from uncertainty in establishing a threshold for change.

PESAN SUBLIMINAL MENGANDUNG UNSUR SEKSUAL DALAM FILM DISNEY COCO

AbstrakSebuah film akan dianggap layak tonton setelah melalui proses sensor dan penyaringan. Pada tahun 2017, Disney meluncurkan sebuah film berkategori anak-anak berjudul Coco. Film ini cukup sukses di pasaran dan memperoleh review yang baik. Idealnya, Coco adalah sebuah film kategori semua umur yang di dalamnya tidak mengandung unsur pelanggaran kategori, namun kenyataannya ditemukan unsur pelanggaran pornografi untuk kategori usia dengan menggunakan metode pesan subliminal. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan bagaimana pesan subliminal dikemas dalam film Coco. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kritis dan metode semiotika sebagai metode operasionalnya. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori pesan subliminal. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat tiga pesan subliminal visual bernuansa seksual yakni Motorboating, French Kiss dan Nude Art.Kata Kunci: Pesan Subliminal, Semiotika, Coco, Film AbstractA published movie should have passed the censorship and screening process. In 2017, Disney produced a G rated movie titled Coco. This movie was succeed and gained favourable review. Ideally, Coco is a G rated movie thus there should no any qualification violence inside, but in fact there are some violences in the sexual aspect. This research aims to reveal how the subliminal message is packaged within the Coco Movie. This research uses the critical paradigm and semiotics as the operational method. Subliminal message theory is used to understand the research. The result shows that there are three visual sexually subliminal messages: Motorboating, French Kiss and Nude Art. Keywords: Subliminal Message, Semiotics, Coco, Film

MODELLING OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM OF DISTRIBUTION OF HARMFUL IMPURITY IN THE RIVER A RECURRENTLY-OPERATIONAL METHOD

In this article the decision of a three-dimensional problem of diffusion is considered by a recurrentlyoperational method which describes process of distribution of harmful impurity along a watercourse. The received numerical results on the COMPUTER where it is possible to define for what time are resulted there is a distribution and river clarification. The received results are illustrated in drawings.

TO ESTIMATE THE NON-RIGIDITY OF BEARING SUPPORTS OVER THE WIDTH OF THE UNSTABLE ZONE OF A NONLINEAR SYSTEM

In this paper, questions are investigated the influence of non-ideal elasticity and non-rigidity of support bearings on the dynamic response of an object under external vibration excitation is investigated. A method based on the sensitivity of the instability zone width of a nonlinear system in relation to the elastic characteristic of supports is proposed to estimate the non-rigidity of bearings. For this range of specific problems, we consider an operational method for estimating the width of the insta-bility zone by linearization of nonlinear equations based on energy equivalence. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of non-ideal elasticity and non-elastic support bearings on the dynamic response of the object under external vibration excitation, to determine the evaluation of non-ideal bearings. for this purpose, a sufficiently effective method based on the sensitivity of the instability zone width of a nonlinear system in relation to the elastic characteristics of the supports is proposed, for this range of specific problems, we consider an operational method for estimating the width of the instability zone by lineariza-tion of nonlinear equations based on energy equivalence. Conclusions and suggestions. Thus, these dependences allow us to assess the degree of non-linearity of the elastic characteristic and, as a result, the non-rigidity of the bearing supports based on the results of vibration studies. In field tests, the width of the instability zone can be determined by an automatic forward and reverse fre-quency scanning system at a fixed overload level. Keywords: construction, dynamic response, dynamic parameters, vibrational excitation, structural model, in-stability zone, frequency and amplitude of vibrations, nonlinear system, elastic characteristic, non-uniformity, sensitivity of dynamic parameters, operational method, energy equalization.