ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF MARITIME SAFETY AND MODERN WAYS OF ENSURING THE SHIP SECURITY

Maritime security in recent decades has always been a separate issue, one that has been acute for both shipowners and crews of seagoing vessels. It has been marked by periods of relative stability and periods of emerging and growing threats, from the days of the sailing fleet to the era of ironclad steam shipbuilding. Certainly, it is difficult to overestimate the significant role of the scientific community, which has long investigated this problem, revealing its theoretical and practical sides. The professional experience of maritime industry specialists has also sufficiently served to ensure that systematic interest in the issue has provided the basis for the development of strategies and integrated approaches that ensure the safety of vessels and crews at modern levels. Without the latest advances in maritime safety, shipping, as an industry, would not be able to achieve the current level of reliability in ensuring shipboard processes. Every generation of mankind has prioritized maritime safety, contributing to improving its standards and stressing the importance of continuous development of the theoretical framework. At least more than twenty million tons of cargo and more than five hundred thousand passengers move daily by water transport, so the concept of maritime safety extends not only to the safety of life at sea, the safety of vessels and the safety of cargo, but also to the prevention of maritime accidents and pollution. The increasing share of maritime and river transport in international freight and passenger traffic has led to the need for increased maritime safety requirements due to the technical upgrading of maritime transport. This process is based on the principles of current control over the process of vessel operation and prompt acquisition of necessary data and relevant information during the voyage, anticipated route and control over the state of work parameters of technical means of the vessel, but the key aspect of safety is assessment of existing threats and development of ways and methods of ensuring vessel safety.

THE BASIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GREEN ECONOMY MODEL IN THE BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY

At present, the totality of global environmental and economic threats and challenges has put the world economic science in front of the need to find a new way of developing the world economy. The new model of economic growth must satisfy two main criteria: firstly, to find a qualitatively new direction of growth, and secondly, to ensure the preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment for human life, that is, to ensure new economic growth without negative consequences for the environment. Many modern scientists see the solution of these problems in a relatively new direction in the economy, which has existed for just over 30 years - the "green" economy. Their opinion is shared by leading politicians and civil servants of the world's economic powers. The directions of the "green" economy system are considered: introduction of renewable energy sources; improvement of the waste management system; improvement of the water resources management system; development of "clean" transport; organic farming in agriculture; energy efficiency in housing and communal services; conservation and effective management of ecosystems. As a result of the analysis, key ones were identified directions in which the green economy is moving, systematized basic support tools that divided into price and non-price, in more detail characterized by price with the separation of financial tools that experts focus on international organizations for sustainable development. The main elements of the state are defined green growth strategies and analyzed the situation harmonization of the influence of developed countries on the development of "green" economy. An understanding of the essence and description of the goals of "green" technologies is proposed, which implies work not with the consequences, but with the causes of environmental problems. Considered the "green" experience of developed countries and global companies. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the concept of a "green" economy is an innovative development project, but to achieve sustainability it is necessary to use the experience of other companies. One of the main problems was noticed, this is the use of pseudo environmental friendliness by companies for their own commercial purposes.

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AS AN ANTI-CORRUPTION MANAGEMENT TOOL

The world has not yet come up with a single recipe for fighting corruption. But thanks to constant progress, anti-corruption strategies are replenished with effective innovation mechanisms. The global experience of using blockchain opens up new prospects for eliminating corruption in the world. Blockchain is an opportunity not only to modernize outdated functional systems, but also to apply new, more effective means of combating corruption and cybercrime. One of the main advantages of the blockchain is that all network participants have a register of transaction data. Therefore, if someone decides to hide, delete or change their recalculations in the accounting book, then copies of these transactions still remain in tens of thousands of other users and the system immediately accesses them. Therefore, a few minutes will be enough to solve the issues of detecting a crime. Today, it is worth highlighting 3 types of widespread use of blockchain technology in the fight against corruption: identity verification, asset registration and tracking of monetary transactions. For example, you can check the purpose of money transfers in real time, see salary payments, and compare prices among suppliers. Like any type of crime, corruption in human society cannot be completely excluded. However, decentralized platforms functioning on blockchain technology, already today, firstly, can directly bring together the customer and the executor, and secondly, all the conditions agreed upon by the participants can then be easily verified (thus, it will be impossible to imperceptibly inflate the price when using blockchain). Blockchain technology is in demand because it creates an unprecedented degree of trust in information in relationships between individuals and public organizations, or between the state, people and private institutions.

ON IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF THE KHARKIV MOTORWAY SECTION

Nowadays, on the territory of large cities, there is an increase in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The reasons for this are manifold: violation of design technological regimes, outdated equipment, an increase in the volume of road transport. The constantly growing intensity of traffic flows is annually accompanied by an increase in the anthropogenic load on the population of modern cities. With the increase in the number of vehicles on the streets of large cities, the world community has identified noise as one of the main factors that worsen the standard of living of people. To assess the noise pollution of the environment by road transport, a typical area of the urban area in the Kharkiv micro district was chosen. The study consisted of four main stages: Stage I – assessment of the road condition and environmental situation in the courtyards of the micro district; Stage II – assessment of acoustic pollution of the main area; Stage III – assessment of the concentration of pollutants; Stage IV – measures to reduce the level of environmental hazard. The study revealed that residential areas around Gagarin Avenue are prone to high noise levels and high concentrations of pollutants in the air. So, Gagarin Avenue is in the zone of acoustic discomfort (noise level 80 dBA), which exceeds the permissible noise level, while the degree of man-made impact on the environment during road operation is 1000 UAH / hour for every 100 people. Based on the results of calculations of the concentrations of pollutants from vehicles along Gagarin Avenue, it was found that for almost all substances their concentrations exceed the MPC by more than 3 times. Analysis of the experience of European countries in the use of noise protection screens with integrated solar panels allowed us to propose a model of noise protection barrier with integrated solar panels, which can be used to protect the urban environment from noise, sound waves and exhaust chemicals. gases from internal combustion engines. It has been established that the placement of a combined noise protection screen will reduce the noise level by about 8–15 dBA. Noise load maps were built in the main area before and after the implementation of the environmental measure. The results of the study will make it possible to introduce administrative and legislative measures to ensure regulatory noise levels for residential areas adjacent to highways and environmental safety when organizing traffic on the streets of large cities.

CONSTRUCTION OF AN EFFECTIVE WAREHOUSE SYSTEM OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL CARGO

The article investigates the existing trends and prospects for the development of warehousing services in the system of production and processing of products, which allowed us to form the purpose of the research in this development. The chosen theme is quite topical, because warehousing processes are an integral part of the formation of supply logistics in modern production processes. One of the ways to reduce the cost of goods and services is the efficient use of resources. Ukrainian and foreign scientists have touched many questions concerning the development of the infrastructure component, solutions of optimization problems regarding the process of import-export of goods to the warehouse, but without determining the optimal values ​​of technological parameters of warehousing systems. The technological scheme of operation of the warehouse system of the enterprise LLC "MEGA CRISP» allows to see the whole chain of operations from the moment of arrival of the vehicle with cargo (containers and packaging) to the moment of sending the cargo (finished product) to the recipient; the necessary types of resources involved in these processes are also taken into account. Total costs were chosen as an evaluation indicator of the choice of an efficient supply channel. Relevant parameters of influence are taken into account: intensities of corresponding cargo flows, unit cost of the appropriate work and one hour of work of one worker, time of performance of an appropriate operation, quantity of the involved resources for performance of the appropriate operation and working time of the warehouse during the day. An imitation full-factor experiment was performed, based on the results of which a regression model in linear form with a non-zero coefficient was determined, in which each coefficient indicates the degree of influence of the relevant factor on the performance indicator. The results of determining the economic effect showed that "Variant 2" (increasing the number of workers) is the least expensive, and the level of costs is lower for all series of experiments compared to the basic variant - "Variant 1". The maximum difference is reached in 12217.8 hryvnias at the maximum loading of a warehouse. And when comparing the third and first variants: only at the maximum level of output flow (170 t / h), the third variant will be cheaper by 852.6 hryvnias. The highest level of positive value of the effect among the variants offered is "Variant 2", the level of savings will be 12,217.8 hryvnias per shift.

METROLOGICAL SUPPORT OF GEODETIC WORKS IN THE ROAD ROUGHNESS MEASURING

Most of the transport and operational indicators that directly affect the road roughness depend on the roughness of coverage. Therefore, the control and timely monitoring of the road roughness is an extremely important issue that needs the attention of road maintenance services. At monitoring of the road roughness it is most expedient to use a technique of leveling of a covering. The method of leveling the coating provides more detailed information about the coating and allows you to determine the smallest deformations on the road coating, which may be at the first stage of their development, especially at that stage of their development, and show roughness and various parameters. One of the main tasks of measurements in the process of performing geodetic works is not only to obtain the measurement result, but also to assess its reliability. The required quality of instrumental measurement can not be achieved without adhering to the principles of unity and the required accuracy of measurements, so much attention should be paid to the metrological support of geodetic works. The purpose of this article is to analyze the metrological support of geodetic works in determining the pavement roughness and substantiation of the required accuracy of measuring the non-rigid pavement roughness. On the basis of dependences for determining the coefficient of dynamic load on pavement and the correlation between the pavement roughness and the coefficient of dynamic load and on the basis of experimental data, the necessary accuracy of measuring the non-rigid pavement roughness is substantiated. Based on the analysis, it was found that the accuracy of determining the height of the irregularities should not exceed 0.5 mm, for which it is necessary to use optical or electron-optical levels.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF NORMALIZATION OF PHYSICAL FACTORS IN THE OPERATION OF COMPUTER EQUIPMENT

Analysis of national and international databases on the safety of physical factors. Non-regulatory working conditions of computer users are largely due to the lack of national sanitary norms and rules for the safe operation of computer equipment. Current international standards relate to the radiative properties of technical means and do not consider the conditions in the workplace. It is shown that general standards on maximum permissible levels of physical factors are unacceptable for their application in the field of user safety due to high maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields, infrasound, electrostatic fields, etc. In addition, there are significant differences in the various current regulations regarding limit levels and methods for determining the integrated electromagnetic load. When developing sanitary norms for the safety of users of computer equipment, the dependence of air quality on the aeroionic composition on the presence of surface electrophysical charges on polymer surfaces and models of technical means and means of air cooling should be taken into account. It is advisable to regulate the use of artificial air ionization devices. Given the relatively low levels of electromagnetic fields in the workplace of users, it is necessary to regulate the ways of controlling the levels of electromagnetic fields with acceptable errors. Given the impact of unstable operation of technical ways on the psychomatic state of users in the process of developing the relevant standard, it is necessary to take into account the stable operation of equipment by increasing the levels of electromagnetic compatibility of equipment.

USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN STRATEGIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article indicates that from the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, the scientific community has been continuously trying to assess the virus, its socio-environmental impacts, regulatory/adaptation policies, and plans. The emergency is to develop pandemic-resilient city planning and management in order to tackle the infectious diseases during COVID-19. Such development includes the reframing of unsustainable urban patterns, hazards, and social inequalities to be prepared for the emerging cases. In this study, we focus on the assessment of disaster risk management (DRM), which will help to develop pandemic-resilient urban strategies (response, mitigation, and preparedness phase) through analyzing previously published literature. The article presents the Short- and long-term recommendations for pandemic resilience urban planning and design have also been provided. In the response phase, implementation of the smart and resilient city design and policies has been highlighted to identify disease transmission. In the mitigation phase, new technological approaches can be adopted for better management of present and future pandemics. The physical (urban access, infrastructure, environmental factors, and land use patterns) and non-physical (socio-cultural, governance, and economic factors) aspects of resilient urban strategies have been focused, which may help to develop understanding of health- and disaster-related risks in pandemic. In the preparedness phase, proactive measures such as capacity building of people toward any outbreak and different simulation processes (models of transmission pattern) can be adopted for future pandemics. We also discuss about the enhancement of urban resiliency in housing, public spaces, and cities that may bring the effective outcome of DRM framework to combat pandemic. The study focuses on the major lessons that can be adopted for post-pandemic urban resilient planning related to disaster management and climate change adaptation, preventing extensive challenges of sustainability apart. In the following months and years, it will be difficult to assess various changes to develop urban planning and design in the post-COVID-19 world. However, this study expresses the possibility of creating good opportunities for policymakers and city planners to undertake significant transformative and advanced actions during the three different phases of DRM. This study presents a novel approach to delineate the scope of DRM framework in achieving more resilient cities (RC) to tackle future pandemics. This study will also crucially help the planners and decision-makers in better assessing and addressing the strategic and resilient urban design and planning approach in future.

DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMS FOR THE GEOSPATIAL ARRAY VISUALIZATION MODULE DATA IN XML FORMAT

The purpose of the article is development of the issue of increasing the efficiency of the automation and visu-alization procedure for creating documentation based on the use of XML-files, which, unlike existing ones, simpli-fies data exchange and presentation, which allows to automate document flow while maintaining accurate data description. Stationary or portable technical devices in which information is stored in XML files are usually used as visu-alization tools. Such files are used to exchange information between the decision maker, users and spatially dis-tributed systems and are called exchange. The XML format significantly minimizes the amount of memory on the media, in this format, any tags are created that are analogous to the fields in the table. The XML exchange file is also one of the tools for filling the cartographic basis of the urban cadastre and cadastres of other natural re-sources. The study improved the method of monitoring regional resources, based on the methodology of parallel cal-culations, which, in contrast to existing ones, can be used to process large amounts of spatially distributed infor-mation, which improves the monitoring system of regional resources in processing complex structured requests and too many spatial objects. Thus, the control, classification, coding and reliability of information with the re-production of missing data by verification, conversion and validation of archival or new spatially distributed information. All developed models, methods and software and hardware for building regional resources monitoring have been brought to the level of engineering methods, algorithms and software tools for computer implementation. Methods and algorithms are implemented using Digitals, FastReport software and C # programming languages. The approbation of the developed technology is carried out on the example of separate parts of the Kharkiv city and the village of Kotlyary territories.