Establishing the role of amphibians (Anura) in the prophylaxis of helminths specific to domestic, wild and pet animals

This work is based on helminthological data of amphibians, collected since 2013 until 2020, in the Republic of Moldova. The investigations on anura amphibians were conducted in the laboratory of Parazitology and Helminthology of the Institute of Zoology. One of the most common parasitic diseases in ruminants is fasciolosis, caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica species. The results of parasitological research showed that adult cattle were infected with fascioles in 66.4% of cases, and young cattle - in 46.1% of cases. This is largely due to the grazing of animals of different species and ages in limited areas.The presence of the trematode species Haplometra cylindracea was established in 78% of cases in the amphibians in the Ranidae and Bufonidae families (Rana ridibunda, Rana lessonae, Rana temporaria, Bufo viridis). The results of laboratory helminthological investigations have shown that the relationships between the Fasciola hepatica miracidium and the Haplometra cylindracea miracidium are antagonistic. Amphibians of the Ranidae and Bufonidae families (Rana ridibunda, Rana lessonae, Rana temporaria, Bufo viridis) infested with Haplometra cylindracea tremateda may play an important role in the prophylaxis of fasciolosis.

Isolation and identification of the bacterium producing antitumor and antimicrobial compounds derived from Iranian swamp frog (Rana ridibunda) skin

Background and Objectives: Cancer incidence and recurrence, antibiotic resistance, and overuse of antibiotics have become a global concern. The purpose of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria from the skin of the Rana ridibunda, Iranian swamp frog, which has produced antimicrobial compounds, and investigate its cytotoxic activity on the breast (MCF7) and glioblastoma (U87) cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: An antibiotic-producing bacterium was isolated from the frog skin. The bacterium was identified based on 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical and morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of the culture supernatant was examined by disc diffusion and MIC methods. Cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts of bacteria were prepared by sonication. SDS-PAGE was then used to examine protein contents of them. The cancer cell lines were treated with cytoplasmic and cell wall extracts at different concentrations. The effects of cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h intervals. Finally, the results were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The isolated bacterium was identified as a new strain of Bacillus atrophaeus. MIC and disc diffusion methods showed that the Bacillus atrophaeus antimicrobial activity was broad spectrum. MTT assay showed IC50 values 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml for U87 and MCF7 cells after 24-48 h exposure, respectively. Conclusion: The cytoplasmic extracts of Bacillus atrophaeus has anticancer potential and can be used as an alternative or complementary candidate in the treatment of cancer. Further in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies are suggested to confirm the biological activities.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИОНОВ ЦЕЗИЯ НА ИНГИБИТОРНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ ПУРИНОВ В МИОНЕВРАЛЬНОМ СИНАПСЕ

Для выявления участия K+-каналов в механизме ингибиторного пресинаптического действия пуриновых соединений в нервно-мышечном синапсе холоднокровных животных изучали эффекты АТФ и аденозина на параметры токов концевой пластинки нервно-мышечного синапса лягушек Rana ridibunda, в том числе и на фоне модулирующих синаптическую передачу ионов цезия. Наблюдалось различие между эффектами ионов цезия на амплитуду токов концевой пластинки при его получасовом и часовом сроке действия, что отмечалось нами ранее и в присутствии ионов бария, являющегося блокатором некоторых подтипов калиевых каналов. В случае часового воздействия цезия ингибиторный эффект аденозина на амплитуду токов концевой пластинки оставался стабильным, в то время как угнетающее действие на амплитуду постсинаптических ответов АТФ при этом уменьшалось в ~ 2.5 раза. Полученные данные могут свидетельствовать о том, что пресинаптический угнетающий эффект АТФ на секрецию трансмиттера из нервных окончаний реализуется через Cs+-чувствительные калиевые каналы нервной терминали.