Short Word-Length Entering Compressive Sensing Domain: Improved Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

This work combines compressive sensing and short word-length techniques to achieve localization and target tracking in wireless sensor networks with energy-efficient communication between the network anchors and the fusion center. Gradient descent localization is performed using time-of-arrival (TOA) data which are indicative of the distance between anchors and the target thereby achieving range-based localization. The short word-length techniques considered are delta modulation and sigma-delta modulation. The energy efficiency is due to the reduction of the data volume transmitted from anchors to the fusion center by employing any of the two delta modulation variants with compressive sensing techniques. Delta modulation allows the transmission of one bit per TOA sample. The communication energy efficiency is increased by RⱮ, R ≥ 1, where R is the sample reduction ratio of compressive sensing, and Ɱ is the number of bits originally present in a TOA-sample word. It is found that the localization system involving sigma-delta modulation has a superior performance to that using delta-modulation or pure compressive sampling alone, in terms of both energy efficiency and localization error in the presence of TOA measurement noise and transmission noise, owing to the noise shaping property of sigma-delta modulation.

Short Word-Length Entering Compressive Sensing Domain: Improved Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

This work combines compressive sensing and short word-length techniques to achieve localization and target tracking in wireless sensor networks with energy-efficient communication between the network anchors and the fusion center. Gradient descent localization is performed using time-of-arrival (TOA) data which are indicative of the distance between anchors and the target thereby achieving range-based localization. The short word-length techniques considered are delta modulation and sigma-delta modulation. The energy efficiency is due to the reduction of the data volume transmitted from anchors to the fusion center by employing any of the two delta modulation variants with compressive sensing techniques. Delta modulation allows the transmission of one bit per TOA sample. The communication energy efficiency is increased by RⱮ, R≥1, where R is the sample reduction ratio of compressive sensing and Ɱ is the number of bits originally present in a TOA-sample word. It is found that the localization system involving sigma-delta modulation has a superior performance to that using delta-modulation or pure compressive sampling alone, in terms of both energy efficiency and localization error in the presence of TOA measurement noise, owing to the noise shaping property of sigma-delta modulation.

The Transformative Power of Breath: Music, Alternative Therapy, and Medieval Practices of Contemplation

In the absence of information about the role of breathing as part of the contemplative exercises of medieval English mystics, this essay investigates instead modern-day breathing practices as advocated by teachers of brass instruments and modern-day spiritual movements. Arnold Jacobs and Michel Ricquier offer information about breathing techniques for the use of brass musicians that share revealing characteristics with proponents of Holotropic Breathwork, itself influenced by pranayama, the art of breath control. The evidence gathered, once applied to the practice of short-word contemplative exercises encouraged by fourteenth-century mystics, provides ground-breaking information on the transformative power of breath in medieval contemplation.

Several Remarks Regarding “Io” and Invocatio Verbalis from the Wallachian Documents before 1500

The Wallachian princes’ names were preceded in most of their charters by a short word (“Io”). Although many historians tried to find its origin in the proper noun “Ioan–Ioannes”, Marin Tadin suggested that “Io” might come from the short form of the invocatio verbalis (“In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”), the first letters of the Slavonic words “name” and “father” being united in the particle “Io”. This article tries to analyze whether the Wallachian documents before 1500 contain invocatio verbalis and if so, how many of these documents were issued by Wallachian princes whose names were preceded by “Io”.

Modelling Abbreviation in Internet Slang: a Comparison Study of Indonesian Internet Slang and English Internet Slang

People, all around the world, use internet recently. The usage of internet changes the language usage as well. People tend to use short word thus they are abbreviating some words or phrases. Many of new words are coined lately because of the using of internet. The formation of the new word then belongs to the study of morphology. The main theory of this research is morphology. Moreover, it uses the theory of abbreviation. Some types of abbreviation such as blends, acronym, alphabetism and clipping are found in this research.This research entitled ‘Modelling Abbreviation in Internet Slang: A Comparison Study of Indonesian Internet Slang and English Internet Slang’. The data are taken from some websites which have internet slang dictionary. The writer only took 20 data for this research from those online internet slang dictionaries. There are ten (10) data for English Internet slang language and ten (10) data for Indonesian internet slang language. Conducting the analysis, the writer revealed that the process of abbreviation in English internet slang language is as follow: Blends (1): swexy; Acronym (2): Afair, Mapoti; Alphabetism (2): BTW, FYI; and Clipping (2): acc, app. Meanwhile, the result of abbreviation process in Indonesian internet slang language is as follow: Blends (3): gaptek, jones, palbis; Acronym (3): bais, ucul, woles; Alphabetism (2): PHP, SMS; and Clipping (2): krik, cus.