Cataract

Cataract iz one of the most common eye diseases among elderly people. The crystalline lens of the human eye is like a “natural lens which skips and refractors light rays. The crystalline lens is located inside the eyeball between the iris and vitreous parts of the eye. In youth the eye’s lens is transparent, elastic, can change its shape, almost instantly directing and managing its focus, this is why an eye sees the far and near objects equally good. In case of the cataract there is partial or absolute clouding of the lens, which may lead to the loss of its transparency and the eye gets only the small amount of light rays, thus it causes the complication of vision, and the eyesight becomes unclear and blurry. Over the years, the disease progresses: the degraded part increases and eyesight completely weakens. If the disease will not be treated in time cataract may even lead to the complete blindness. Key words: trauma, blindness, hyperopic, turbidity in eyes

The hepatothorax: An unusual complication of right sided diaphragmatic injuries

Right diaphragmatic post-traumatic rupture with liver herniation is an extremely rare condition. The diagnosis is mainly radiological and the rupture may go unnoticed in the acute setting. Depending on the size of the right diaphragmatic defect, the initial herniation can be partial and the total hepatothorax is established progressively. The diagnosis may be delayed and made with the onset of the first symptoms. Hepatothorax leads usually to severe right lung atelectasis with respiratory and cardiac impairment. Definitive treatment consists in surgical repair of the diaphragm. We present hereby the case of an hepatothorax diagnosed 4 years after a penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma. Key words: Trauma, diaphragmatic rupture, hepatothorax.

Equine-Facilitated Therapy and Trauma: Current Knowledge, Future Needs

Equine-facilitated therapy (EFT) is a relatively new treatment for trauma and PTSD. EFT as well as animal assisted interventions in general have been introduced and implemented in mental health treatment for children and adults, though the research in support of these interventions has not kept up with practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the use of EFT for clients suffering from trauma/PTSD. Studies were included if PTSD/trauma was assessed and/or was measured as an outcome. A search of relevant databases resulted in nine peer-reviewed studies that met criteria. Studies are summarized and implications for future research are discussed. In general, findings suggest that EFT is a promising intervention for trauma/PTSD. Recommendations include a call for more research that includes veterans as well as for research that explicates the mechanisms by which EFT may be effective. Key words: trauma, PTSD, equine, equine therapy

Trauma e dissociazione psichica nella teoria complessa di Carl G. Jung

- In this work the Author takes up and updates Jung's theory of complexity, following the most recent contributions in the field by creating a bridge to describe the dissociative conditions of psychic trauma. This idea emphasizes how it can be correct to consider the trauma in its dissociative forms, and into the continuity of existence to activations sensitive and fixity of trauma in the body.Parole chiave: trauma, dissociazione, complesso, affetto, complessitŕ, individuazione.Key words: trauma, dissociation, complex, affect, complexity, individuation.