Trauma and COVID-Induced Severe Rhabdomyolysis

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has been implicated in a number of extra-pulmonary manifestations including rhabdomyolysis. It is hypothesized to be secondary to direct muscle damage from the virus. The usual treatment of rhabdomyolysis is resuscitation with aggressive fluid management to prevent acute renal failure. However, the combination of blunt thoracic trauma and COVID pneumonia has posed additional challenges for critical care management. A 68-year-old male presented to our institution after being found down for an unknown duration of time. He was diagnosed symptomatic COVID pneumonia. His traumatic injuries included 4 rib fractures, a rectus sheath hematoma, and rhabdomyolysis with a creatinine kinase (CK) level of 16,716 U/L. He was initially treated with steroids, prone positioning, and aggressive fluid administration. Despite treatment his CK level peaked at 146,328 U/L. Here we present the case of trauma and COVID-induced rhabdomyolysis with an extremely elevated CK level.

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical Rib Fixation for Costochondral Separation Injury

Costochondral separation is a rare phenomenon following blunt thoracic trauma that can also be associated with secondary injuries. We present a case with complete costochondral separation of the right second rib with concomitant mediastinal compression. Definitive treatment was provided through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical plate osteosynthesis.

Sensitivitas dan Spesifisitas Pain, Incentive Spirometry, Cough Score sebagai Prediktor Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome pada Pasien dengan Patah Tulang Iga akibat Trauma Tumpul Toraks

Thoracic trauma is one of the most common causes of death in trauma cases due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Definitive diagnosis and rapid identification are challenges in ARDS due to blunt thoracic trauma. The PIC score (pain, incentive spirometry, cough) is used to evaluate and monitor patients during treatment. This study was aimed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the PIC Score in predicting the occurrence of ARDS in patients with rib fractures due to blunt thoracic trauma. This study used a prospective cohort design with a correlation analysis using data of dependency modeling via R-line copula, ROC curve analysis, and regression analysis. The results showed a total of 25 patients with an average age of 52 years, male sex was predominant (84% vs 16%). On admission, most patients had fractures of three ribs (40%). The PIC score tended to be lower in patients with higher number of rib fractures. The relationship between the PIC score and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio on day 7th of treatment showed a positive correlation, supporting the possibility of using the PIC score to predict ARDS. The sensitivity and specificity of the PIC score in predicting ARDS in blunt thoracic trauma were quite high (sensitivity 80.2% and specificity 80.9%) with an accuracy of 80.9%. In conclusion, the PIC score can predict accurately the occurrence of ARDS in patients with rib fractures due to blunt thoracic trauma.Keywords: blunt thoracic trauma; ARDS; PIC score Abstrak: Trauma toraks merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbanyak dalam kasus trauma acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Diagnosis pasti dan identifikasi segera merupakan tantangan dalam penanganan ARDS akibat trauma tumpul toraks. PIC score (pain, incentive spirometry, cough) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan memonitor pasien selama perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai spesifisitas dan sensitivitas PIC score dalam memrediksi terjadinya ARDS pada pasien patah tulang iga akibat trauma tumpul toraks. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan prospective cohort dengan penilaian korelasi analisis menggunakan data hasil pemodelan dependensi via R-line copula, analisis kurva ROC, dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan total 25 pasien dengan rerata usia 52 tahun, didominasi oleh laki-laki (84% vs 16%). Saat masuk kebanyakan pasien mengalami patah tulang pada tiga tulang iga (40%). PIC score cenderung lebih rendah pada pasien dengan jumlah patah tulang iga yang lebih banyak. Hubungan antara PIC score dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 pada hari ke-7 perawatan menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif; hal ini mendukung kemungkinan penggunaan PIC score untuk memrediksi ARDS. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas PIC score dalam memrediksi ARDS pada trauma tumpul toraks cukup tinggi (sensitivitas 80,2% dan spesifisitas 80,9%) dengan akurasi 80,9%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah PIC score dapat memrediksi terjadinya ARDS secara akurat pada pasien patah tulang iga akibat trauma tumpul toraks.Kata kunci: trauma tumpul toraks; ARDS; PIC score

Primary Lung Hernia After Blunt Chest Trauma: Chest Wall Repair Strategies

Lung herniation is a rare pathology seen after trauma. A case of acquired lung hernia is presented after blunt thoracic trauma that was repaired primarily. Surgical management and decision-making for this process are discussed.

An Unusual Late Complication of Traumatic Rupture of Diaphragm: Thoracic Herniation of Liver

The translocation of the intraabdominal organs into the intrathoracic cavity via the injured area in the diapragm after blunt or penetrated trauma is called traumatic rupture of the diapragm.The translocation of intrabdominal organs into the intrathoracic cavity is a rare, well known, but easily overlooked complication. In cases of severe traumatic events the diagnosis may be skipped due to hemodynamic instability of the patient which may delay treatment. We reported a patient with diaphragmatic rupture diagnosed 1.5 months after a blunt thoracic trauma.