Molecular correlates of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ afferents

Proprioceptive feedback mainly derives from groups Ia and II muscle spindle (MS) afferents and group Ib Golgi tendon organ (GTO) afferents, but the molecular correlates of these three afferent subtypes remain unknown. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of genetically identified adult proprioceptors and uncovered five molecularly distinct neuronal clusters. Validation of cluster-specific transcripts in dorsal root ganglia and skeletal muscle demonstrates that two of these clusters correspond to group Ia MS afferents and group Ib GTO afferent proprioceptors, respectively, and suggest that the remaining clusters could represent group II MS afferents. Lineage analysis between proprioceptor transcriptomes at different developmental stages provides evidence that proprioceptor subtype identities emerge late in development. Together, our data provide comprehensive molecular signatures for groups Ia and II MS afferents and group Ib GTO afferents, enabling genetic interrogation of the role of individual proprioceptor subtypes in regulating motor output.

Molecular development of muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ sensory afferents revealed by single proprioceptor transcriptome analysis

Anatomical and physiological analyses have long revealed differences between proprioceptive groups Ia, II, and Ib sensory neurons, yet the molecular correlates of these three muscle afferent subtypes remain unknown. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of genetically identified adult proprioceptors and, using unbiased bioinformatics approaches, detected five molecularly distinct neuronal clusters. Validation of cluster-specific transcripts in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and skeletal muscle provides evidence these clusters correspond to functionally distinct muscle spindle (MS) or Golgi tendon organ (GTO) afferent proprioceptors. Remarkably, while we uncovered just one type of GTO afferents, four of the five clusters represent MS afferents, thus demonstrating a previously unappreciated diversity among these muscle proprioceptors. In vitro electrophysiological recordings reveal just two broadly distinct proprioceptor types, and suggest that the refinement of functional subtype diversity may occur along multiple axes of maturation. Lineage analysis between proprioceptor transcriptomes at different developmental stages show little or no correlation for transcripts that define adult MS or GTO afferents, supporting the idea that proprioceptor subtype identity emerges late in development. Together, our data provide the first comprehensive molecular signature for groups Ia and II MS afferents and group Ib GTO afferents, and offer new strategies for genetic interrogation of the role of these individual proprioceptor subtypes in regulating voluntary motor behavior.

Manipulasi Organ Golgi Tendon Untuk Mengurangi Tingkat Spastisitas Otot-Otot Penggerak Lengan Pasca Stroke Infark

Manipulation, GTO, Spasticity. Stroke is a syndrome which is attacked rapidly and happening more than 24 hours and causing cerebral function problem. Stroke make someone get daily activity problem because of the spasticity. One of treatment to decrease the spasticity is Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) manipulation which can reduce muscle’s tones that higher than normal. The aim of the study: is to knowing the effect of GTO manipulation in decreasing arm muscle spasticity for non haemorhagic stroke. Method: is two groups pre and post test design. Location and time research: is in Physical Therapy Unit of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. Research Subject: are all of stroke patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital who turned into inclusion and exclusion criteria, n=15 subject in I group and n= 14 subjects in II group. Analyze: Hipotesis test with non parametric test are Wilcoxon test dan Mann Whitnet test. Conclusion: (1) GTO manipulation can decrease arm muscle spasticity for right non haemorhagic stroke (p=0,000), (2) GTO manipulation can decrease arm muscle spasticity for left non haemorhagic stroke (p=0,001), and (3) no different effect of GTO manipulation to decrease arm muscle spasticity for non haemorhagic stroke between right and left side (p=0,353).