Perang Dingin dan Implikasinya terhadap Sistem Politik Internasional dalam Tinjauan High Politics

This paper aims to describe the Cold War with its implications to the system of international politics in high politics contexts. High politics, which has been the realists’ interest, is one of the issues much discussed especially regarding the Cold War as the period of which has provided many examples to international relations scholars. This paper applies the historical approach, relying on the information referring to recorded past events to describe the focus of what is presented. This paper shows that the Cold War was brought by the two superpowers to many geographical areas in many forms of crisis, that then enabled to affect the international political system in term of politics, security and sovereignty.

9. Executive Powers

This chapter studies three executive powers in the context of the European Union. It begins with an examination of the political power to act as government. The ‘steering’ power of high politics belongs to two EU institutions: the European Council and the Commission. The Union ‘government’ is thus based on a ‘dual executive’. The chapter then moves to an analysis of the (delegated) legislative powers of the Union executive. The central provisions here are Articles 290 and 291 TFEU. The European legal order has allowed for wide delegations of power to the Commission; while nonetheless insisting on substantive and procedural safeguards to protect federalism and democracy. Finally, the chapter looks at the (administrative) enforcement powers of the Union. Based on the idea of ‘executive federalism’, the power to apply and enforce European law is here divided between the Union and the Member States. The Union can—exceptionally—execute its own law; yet, as a rule, it is the Member States that primarily execute Union law.

9. Executive Powers

This chapter studies three executive powers in the context of the European Union. It begins with an examination of the political power to act as government. The ‘steering’ power of high politics belongs to two EU institutions: the European Council and the Commission. The Union ‘government’ is thus based on a ‘dual executive’. The chapter then moves to an analysis of the (delegated) legislative powers of the Union executive. The central provisions here are Articles 290 and 291 TFEU. The European legal order has allowed for wide delegations of power to the Commission; while nonetheless insisting on substantive and procedural safeguards to protect federalism and democracy. Finally, the chapter looks at the (administrative) enforcement powers of the Union. Based on the idea of ‘executive federalism’, the power to apply and enforce European law is here divided between the Union and the Member States. The Union can—exceptionally—execute its own law; yet, as a rule, it is the Member States that primarily execute Union law.

Los Ceza de Huete (Cuenca). Un linaje de la nobleza local con raices conversas

Resumen:En el presente articulo se estudia una de las familias con las que ha contado la ciudad de Huete (Cuenca): los Ceza. Un linaje vinculado a las comunidades judeoconversas que fue medrando socialmente hasta adquirir un reconocimiento nobiliario y que finalmente llegó a destacar dentro de la alta política del país. Para ello se han vaciado algunas de las series del Archivo Eclesiástico de Huete y el Fondo de la Inquisición del Archivo Diocesano de Cuenca, entre otros, y elaborado una serie de árboles genealógicos que clarifican la procedencia y descendencia de estas familias. Abstract:In this article we study one of the families that have lived in the city of Huete (Cuenca): the Ceza family. A lineage linked to the Jewish-converse communities that grew socially until it acquired noble recognition and finally came to stand out in the country's high politics. To this end some of the series from the Ecclesiastical Archive of Huete and the Inquisition Collection of the Diocesan Archive of Cuenca, among others, have been emptied and a series of family trees have been drawn up to clarify the origin and descent of these families.

The Everyday Life of Security: Capturing Space, Practice, and Affect

Security shapes everyday life, but despite a growing literature on everyday security there is no consensus on the meaning of the “everyday.” At the same time, the research methods that dominate the field are designed to study elites and high politics. This paper does two things. First, it brings together and synthesizes the existing literature on everyday security to argue that we should think about the everyday life of security as constituted across three dimensions: space, practice, and affect. Thus, the paper adds conceptual clarity, demonstrating that the everyday life of security is multifaceted and exists in mundane spaces, routine practices, and affective/lived experiences. Second, it works through the methodological implications of a three-dimensional understanding of everyday security. In order to capture all three dimensions and the ways in which they interact, we need to explore different methods. The paper offers one such method, exploring the everyday life of security in contemporary China through a participatory photography project with six ordinary citizens in Beijing. The central contribution of the paper is capturing—conceptually and methodologically—all three dimensions, in order to develop our understanding of the everyday life of security.

South Korea’s Survival on a Tightrope: The Impacts of the Clash between the US and China on South Korea, in comparison to Japan

Northeast Asia is a both a pivotal and a highly volatile region in the global political and economic landscape. The balance of power in the region rested upon the United States’ political and economic influence over its allies. However, China’s rapid economic growth following the diplomatic move away from its isolationist policies pose a direct challenge to the established power of the US. China has already assumed regional economic dominance, which is being echoed by China’s growing presence of high politics in Northeast Asia. I investigate the effects of this China-US clash, which is developing into a power struggle, in the high and low politics of South Korea, comparing them to those of Japan when appropriate. While South Korean low politics could benefit from increased competitiveness of industries in the global market as a result of the US-China trade war, there is also a risk of economic retaliations resulting from political decisions. Similarly, a thorough backing of the US may stabilise the South Korean high politics, but also increase the possibility of military conflict against a greater Chinese power. There will certainly be unavoidable trade-offs when prioritising high politics over low politics or vice versa. South Korea is yet faced with an urgent necessity to embrace the American alliance at the expense of economic and political relations with China. Security provided by a military alliance with the US is certainly welcome, and it will provide time for South Korea to consolidate its low politics in its economy and global reputation.

Delivering output and struggling for change: Tacit activism among professional transitional justice work in Sierra Leone and Kenya

The professionalization of transitional justice (TJ) has received extensive academic attention in TJ and related international relations and peacebuilding scholarship. This article adds an element that has received hardly any attention: namely the presence of activism even among professional and usually donor-funded TJ work. I argue that noticing activism in professional contexts requires attention to the ‘everyday’, meaning to life in between, aside and beyond high politics and officially important actors, actions, processes and events. Based on field research in Sierra Leone and Kenya, I describe and discuss everyday examples of a specific form of activism, namely tacit activism that I encountered with three key interlocutors, one Sierra Leonean and two Kenyan nationals involved in professional donor-funded TJ work. Their activism was ’tacit’ in the sense that it was not part of their official project activities and my interlocutors did not advertise their extra plans and efforts to (prospective) donors. And yet, it was precisely through these tacit plans and efforts that they hoped to meet at least some of the expectations that had been raised in the context of professional TJ projects.