Морская граница в прибрежно-морском природопользовании и вариант ее выделения по глубине

The existing approaches and regulations for the determination of the marine boundaries of the part of coastal-marine natural management are analyzed. There are no uniform boundaries in the direction toward the sea, despite the presence of numerous definitions of the coastal zone. For the purposes of maritime activities management, i.e. coastal and oceanic natural management, the geomorphological definition of the coastal zone becomes insufficient due to the greater dependence on the land space. Therefore, it is proposed to use the term "coastal-marine zone" with a broader definition, including, in addition to territorial, coastal and aquatic structures. The coastal-sea zone boundaries can be established depending on the research objectives. In our research, we suggest to establish this kind of depth boundary, considering it a limiting factor of marine economic activities.

Improving global paleogeography since the late Paleozoic using paleobiology

Paleogeographic reconstructions are important to understand Earth's tectonic evolution, past eustatic and regional sea level change, hydrocarbon genesis, and to constrain and interpret the dynamic topography predicted by time-dependent global mantle convection models. Several global paleogeographic maps have been compiled and published but they are generally presented as static maps with varying temporal resolution and fixed spatial resolution. Existing global paleogeographic maps are also tied to a particular plate motion model, making it difficult to link them to alternative digital plate tectonic reconstructions. To address this limitation, we developed a workflow to reverse-engineer global paleogeographic maps to their present-day coordinates and enable them to be linked to any tectonic reconstruction. Published paleogeographic compilations are also tied to fixed input datasets. We used fossil data from the Paleobiology Database to identify inconsistencies between fossils paleo-environments and published paleogeographic maps, and to improve the location of inferred terrestrial-marine boundaries by resolving these inconsistencies. As a result, the overall consistency ratio between the paleogeography and fossil collections was improved from 76.9 % to 96.1 %. We estimated the surface areas of global paleogeographic features (shallow marine environments, landmasses, mountains and ice sheets), and reconstructed the global continental flooding history since the late Paleozoic based on the amended paleogeographies. Finally, we discuss the relationships between emerged land area and total continental crust area through time, continental growth models, and strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) signatures in ocean water. Our study highlights the flexibility of digital paleogeographic models linked to state-of-the-art plate tectonic reconstructions in order to better understand the interplay of continental growth and eustasy, with wider implications for understanding Earth's paleotopography, ocean circulation, and the role of mantle convection in shaping long-wavelength topography.

Bio-optical characterization and light availability parametrization in two glacial melt water influenced estuary systems (West-Greenland)

Estuary systems are well-defined semi-enclosed systems which are strongly influenced by their terrestrial and marine boundaries. In this paper we investigate the bio-optical conditions in the water column of two neighboring estuary systems, Uummannaq Fjord and Vaigat–Disko Bay, in West Greenland. Though close to each other, the systems differ by their hydrographic structure influencing the bio-optical conditions and subsequently the biological activities. Both systems show high inorganic suspended particulate matter (SPMi) concentrations near freshwater respective melt water influxes (max. of 15.28 mg L−1 at the surface) and low colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM@350 nm, < 1.50 m−1) abundance throughout the estuaries. Chlorophyll as an indicator of phytoplankton was solely high in the Vaigat (max. of 11.44 μg L−1) representing the outflow arm of the Disko Bay. Light penetration depth as indicated by the 1 % depth of Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) was dominated by chlorophyll and SPMi alike and reached from 12.2 to 41.2 m. Based on these characteristics an effective two component parameterization for the diffuse attenuation coefficient kPAR was developed enabling to model light penetration depth as a relevant factor for bio-optical studies in Arctic environments under glacial melt water influence.

Marine Boundaries: States and the United States

Marine boundaries between states of the United States and between the states and the United States have a long and contentious history. Disputes have arisen between states separated by a river and between states in extending their land boundaries seaward. Especially since the Submerged Lands Act of 1953, disputes between states and the federal United States over title to valuable resources in the three-mile coastal area measured from the shoreline have been sharp and continuous. The legal basis for the delimitation of marine zones, including common law, statutes and international law, has been explored, indicating the reliance of courts on all three sources plus equitable principles.