Physical Measurement Analysis in Pre-Utility Covid-19 Isolation Room: A Case Study Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital

Background: Negative pressure room is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Aim this study to describe physical measurement analysis of isolation room Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital. Methods: Newly developed negative pressure isolation room was physical measure using following instruments: anemometer, moisture meter, hygrometer and pressure gauge. Results: This study showed physical measurement as follow: 1) ACH (air change per hour) 23.3 / hour [minimum: 12+ ACH]; 2) the difference in pressure gradient between the inpatient room and anteroom -30 Pa [minimum -15 Pa]; 3) the mean of air temperature 24.8°C [21-24]; 4) air humidity 58% [maximum 65%] and 5) concrete moisture 22.45%. Conclusion: The COVID-19 isolation room at the Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital meets the standard criteria.

A Novel Measurement Standard for Surface Roughness on Involute Gears

Although manufacturers of coordinate measurement systems and gear measurement systems already provide instruments that enable an end-of-line-monitoring of the roughness properties of gears, the roughness measurement on gear flanks still lacks traceability with respect to the standardised SI-units. There is still a gap between well standardised roughness measurements on planar surfaces and gear measurements on involutes. This gap is bridged by a novel physical measurement standard (PMS), also referred to as material measure, for roughness measurements on involute gears that has been developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The necessary transformations between the systems of roughness and gear measurements have been implemented. The measurement standard itself represents calibrated roughness values for the parameters Ra, Rz, Rq, Rk, Rpk and Rvk and Mr1 and Mr2. Furthermore, the PMS can be measured both with classic profilometers as well as gear measurement systems with integrated roughness probes.

In-Silico Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Measurement Variations on Electrical Cardiometry in Neonates

Non-invasive cardiac output methods such as Electrical Cardiometry (EC) are relatively novel assessment tools for neonates and they enable continuous monitoring of stroke volume (SV). An in-silico comparison of differences in EC-derived SV in relation to preset length and weight was performed. EC (ICON, Osypka Medical) was simulated using the “demo” mode for various combinations of length and weight representative of term and preterm infants. One-centimetre length error resulted in a SV-change of 1.8–3.6% (preterm) or 1.6–2.0% (term) throughout the tested weight ranges. One-hundred gram error in weight measurement resulted in a SV-change of 5.0–7.1% (preterm) or 1.5–1.8% (term) throughout the tested length ranges. Algorithms to calculate EC-derived SV incorporate anthropomorphic measurements. Therefore, inaccuracy in physical measurement can impact absolute EC measurements. This should be considered in the interpretation of previous findings and the design of future clinical studies of EC-derived cardiac parameters in neonates, particularly in the preterm cohorts where a proportional change was noted to be greatest.

Functions of units, scales and quantitative data: Fundamental differences in numerical traceability between sciences

Quantitative data are generated differently. To justify inferences about real-world phenomena and establish secured knowledge bases, however, quantitative data generation must follow transparent principles applied consistently across sciences. Metrological frameworks of physical measurement build on two methodological principles that establish transparent, traceable—thus reproducible processes for assigning numerical values to measurands. Data generation traceability requires implementation of unbroken, documented measurand-result connections to justify attributing results to research objects. Numerical traceability requires documented connections of the assigned values to known quantitative standards to establish the results' public interpretability. This article focuses on numerical traceability. It explores how physical measurement units and scales are defined to establish an internationally shared understanding of physical quantities. The underlying principles are applied to scrutinise psychological and social-science practices of quantification. Analyses highlight heterogeneous notions of ‘units’ and ‘scales’ and identify four methodological functions; they serve as (1) ‘instruments’ enabling empirical interactions with study phenomena and properties; (2) structural data format; (3) conceptual data format; and (4) conventionally agreed reference quantities. These distinct functions, employed in different research stages, entail different (if any) rationales for assigning numerical values and for establishing their quantitative meaning. The common numerical recoding of scale categories in tests and questionnaires creates scores devoid of quantitative information. Quantitative meaning is created through numeral-number conflation and differential analyses, producing numerical values that lack systematic relations to known quantity standards regarding the study phenomena and properties. The findings highlight new directions for the conceptualisation and generation of quantitative data in psychology and social sciences.

Towards the development of a cyber-physical measurement system (CPMS): case study of a bioinspired soft growing robot for remote measurement and monitoring applications

The most effective expression of the 4.0 Era is represented by cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Historically, measurement and monitoring systems (MMSs) have been an essential part of CPSs; however, by introducing the 4.0 enabling technologies into MMSs, a MMS can evolve into a cyber-physical measurement system (CPMS). Starting from this consideration, this work reports a preliminary case study of a CPMS, namely an innovative robotic platform to be used for measurement systems in confined and constrained remote environments. The innovative system is a soft growing robot composed of a robot base, to be placed outside the remote environments and a robot body that accesses the site through growth. A pneumatic actuation mechanism enables the controllable growth of the system through lengthening at its tip, as well as its controllable steering. The system can be endowed with sensors to enable remote measurement and monitoring tasks, or can be used to transport sensors in remote locations. A digital twin of the system is developed for simulation of a practical measurement scenario. The ultimate goal is to achieve a self-adapting, fully autonomous system for remote monitoring operations to be used reliably and safely for the inspection of unknown and/or constrained environments.

Clinical Evaluation of Protein Energy Wasting in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study aimed to explore the PEW evaluation method in MHD patients. Methods: Clinical data, physical parameters, laboratory values, and a questionnaire survey of MHD patients were collected from PEW and non-PEW patients in our hospital from September to December 2019. Analysis of variance was used to assess the difference between the two groups. ROC analysis was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of physical measurement and nutrition scores and find the appropriate evaluation criteria for clinical application. Results: 1. There were statistically significant differences in many physical parameters between the two groups (p<0.05). 2. ROC curve analysis showed that the diagnostic efficiency of a single physical measurement or nutritional score was not high, and multiple indexes should be combined. 3. The simplified Pew risk score formula was 27.4 + abdominal circumference + 0.4 * main handgrip strength - 3.2 * body mass index -1.9 * upper arm circumference, which had a sensitivity of 67.7% and specificity of 94.4% at AUC of 0.864 and cutoff of 0.043346. Conclusion: A combination of abdominal circumference, main handgrip strength, BMI, and upper arm circumference could comprehensively evaluate PEW to improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Convolution and deconvolution: two mathematical tools to help performing tests in research and industry

The concepts of convolution and deconvolution are well known in the field of physical measurement. In particular, they are of interest in the field of metrology, since they can positively influence the performance of the measurement. Numerous mathematical models and computer developments dedicated to convolution and deconvolution have emerged, enabling a more efficient use of experimental data; this in sectors as different as biology, astronomy, manufacturing and energy industries. The subject finds today a new topicality because it has been made accessible to a large public for applications such as processing photographic images. The purpose of this paper is to take into account some recent evolutions such as the introduction of convolution methods in international test standards. Thus, its first part delivers a few reminders of some associated definitions. They concern linear systems properties, and integral transforms. If convolution, in most cases, does not create major calculation problems, deconvolution on the contrary is an inverse problem, and as such needs more attention. The principles of some of the methods available today are exposed. In the third part, illustrations are given on recent examples of applications, belonging to the domain of electrical energy networks and photographic enhancement.