Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in pig herds.

The genetics, taxonomy, epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae in pig herds are described.

Mycoplasmas in swine

This book contains 14 chapters that discuss the genetics, epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma infections in pigs. Chapter 1 discusses the phylogenetics and classification of Mycoplasma species in pigs; Chapter 2 describes the genomic diversity and antigenic variation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains; Chapter 3 discusses the pathogenesis, virulence factor and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 4 discusses the molecular epidemiology, risk factors, transmission and prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Chapter 5 discusses the clinical signs and gross lesions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection; Chapter 6 discusses immune responses against Mycoplasma infections; Chapter 7 describes the interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with other pathogens and their economic impact; Chapter 8 discusses the diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection and its associated diseases; Chapter 9 describes the general control measures against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 10 describes the selection and efficacy of antimicrobials against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections; Chapter 11 discusses the development and efficacy of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Chapter 12 describes the eradication of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pig herds; Chapter 13 describes the epidemiology, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in pig herds and Chapter 14 discusses the epidemiology, prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and economic impact of Mycoplasma suis infection in pigs.

Lameness in fattening pigs – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, osteochondropathy and reduced dietary phosphorus level as three influencing factors: a case report

Background Multiple diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of various risk factors for disease development in the affected herd. One focus of this case report is the prioritization of diagnostic steps to verify the impact of the different conditions, which finally led to the clinical disorder. Assessing a sufficient dietary phosphorus (P) supply and its impact on disease development proved most difficult. The diagnostic approach based on estimated calculation of phosphorus intake is presented in detail. Case presentation On a farrow-to-finishing farm, lameness occurred in pigs with 30–70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histologic findings were characteristic of osteochondrosis. All pigs were positively tested for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in affected joints. P values in blood did not indicate a P deficiency, while bone ashing in one of three animals resulted in a level indicating an insufficient mineral supply. Analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might have led to a marginal P supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue prior to presentation of affected animals. Finally, the impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be evidenced in all submitted animals in this case. Conclusions Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae was identified to be an important etiologic factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, such as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have favored development of lameness. In addition, a relevant marginal P supply for pigs was found in a limited time period in a phase of intense growing, but the potential interaction with infection by M. hyosynoviae is unknown. The presented case of severe lameness in fattening pigs revealed that three different influences presumably act in pathogenesis. Focusing only on one factor and ignoring others might be misleading regarding subsequent decision-making for prevention and therapy. Finally, clinical symptoms disappeared after some changes in diet composition and anti-inflammatory treatment of individual animals.

Lameness in fattening pigs – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, osteochondropathy and reduced dietary phosphorus level as three influencing factors: A case report

BackgroundMultiple diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of various risk factors for disease development in the affected herd. One focus of this case report is the prioritization of diagnostic steps to verify the impact of the different conditions, which finally led to the clinical disorder. Assessing a sufficient dietary phosphorus (P) supply and its impact on disease development proved most difficult. The diagnostic approach based on estimated calculation of phosphorus intake is presented in detail.Case presentationOn a farrow-to-finishing farm, lameness occurred in pigs with 30-70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histologic findings were characteristic of osteochondrosis. All pigs were positively tested for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in affected joints. P values in blood did not indicate a P deficiency, while bone ashing in one of three animals resulted in a level indicating an insufficient mineral supply. Analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might have led to a marginal P supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue prior to presentation of affected animals. Finally, the impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be evidenced in all submitted animals in this case.ConclusionsMycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae was identified to be an important etiologic factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, such as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have favored development of lameness. In addition, a relevant marginal P supply for pigs was found in a limited time period in a phase of intense growing, but the potential interaction with infection by M. hyosynoviae is unknown. The presented case of severe lameness in fattening pigs revealed that three different influences presumably act in pathogenesis. Focusing only on one factor and ignoring others might be misleading regarding subsequent decision-making for prevention and therapy. Finally, clinical symptoms disappeared after some changes in diet composition and anti-inflammatory treatment of individual animals.

Lameness in fattening pigs – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, osteochondropathy and reduced dietary phosphorus level as three influencing factors: A case report

Background: Multiple diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of various risk factors for disease development in the affected herd. One focus of this case report is the prioritization of diagnostic steps to verify the impact of the different conditions, which finally led to the clinical disorder. Disease is the consequence of previously acting factors, and the involved diagnostic institute is the last stage in the timeline. Some diagnostic findings might therefore no longer be significant. Assessing a sufficient dietary phosphorus (P) supply and its impact on disease development proved most difficult. The diagnostic approach based on estimated calculation of phosphorus intake is presented in detail.Case presentation: On a farrow-to-finishing farm, lameness occurred in pigs with 30-70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histologic findings were characteristic of osteochondrosis. All pigs were positively tested for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in affected joints. P values in blood did not indicate a P deficiency, while bone ashing in one of three animals resulted in a level indicating an insufficient mineral supply. Analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might have led to a marginal P supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue prior to presentation of affected animals. Finally, the impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be evidenced in all submitted animals in this case.Conclusions: Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae was identified to be an important etiologic factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, such as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have favored development of lameness. In addition, a relevant marginal P supply for pigs was found in a limited time period in a phase of intense growing, but the potential interaction with infection by M. hyosynoviae is unknown. The presented case of severe lameness in fattening pigs revealed that three different influences presumably act in pathogenesis. Focusing only on one factor and ignoring others might be misleading regarding subsequent decision-making for prevention and therapy. Finally, clinical symptoms disappeared after some changes in diet composition and anti-inflammatory treatment of individual animals.

The Interaction of Osteochondropathy, Reduced Dietary Phosphorus Level and Mycoplasma Hyosynoviae in the Onset of Lameness in Fattening Pigs: A Case Report

BackgroundVarious diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown, that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of the key factors for disease development in the respective herd. One focus is the assessment of the impact of reduced dietary phosphorus level on disease development.Case presentationIn a farrow-to-finishing farm lameness occurred in pigs with 40-70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histological findings were characteristic for osteochondropathia. All pigs were positively tested for Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in affected joints. In addition, analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might had led to insufficient supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue. The impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be verified in the selected animals by blood analysis and bone ashings in this case. Finally, change in feed and antibiotic treatment of individual animals led to improvement of clinical symptoms.ConclusionsMycoplasma hyosynoviae was identified to be an important aetiological factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have triggered development of disease. A calculated marginal phosphor supply for pigs with high growth rates in a limited time period might further had weakened cartilage and connective tissue, and facilitated adherence of infectious agents in joints. Diagnostic of insufficient phosphorus supply by blood analysis and bone ashing might be not successful, when it occurs temporarily in time periods prior to sampling.