Household Social Expenditure in Ghana: Examining the Ex-Post Effects and Vulnerability to Poverty

We estimate the effect of household social expenditure on vulnerability to poverty using the four latest cross-sectional waves of Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) from 1999 to 2017. Using a 3-Stage Least Square and Quantile Regression, our results show a widening consumption ex-post welfare gap between the poorest households and the non-poor households in a per-dollar social expenditure. Further, we estimate the probability of an ex-ante poverty using vulnerability to expected poverty. The results, however, indicate that regardless of poverty status, household vulnerability to poverty increased consistently between 1999 and 2017, and the very poor households showing the severest vulnerability. Hence, it is concluded that social expenditure increases the chances of a poor household falling into chronic poverty a non-poor household into transient poverty in the future.

Analysis of multidimensional poverty dynamics in Indonesia: The effect of demographic and institutional factors

Measuring poverty only from a monetary perspective is lacking. Given the variety of human needs, poverty needs to be measured multidimensionally. Hence, this study analyzes multidimensional poverty dynamics and identifies its determinants from the demographic and institutional factors. Using the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and data from the two survey periods of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), it is known that multidimensional poverty tends to be transient rather than chronic. The highest education level of the head of the household, the level of dependency, the island of residence, the village political system, and the village government's corruption affect both chronic and transient poverty categories. The marital status of household heads, household size, and customary norms only affected the chronic poor category

Household Social Expenditure in Ghana: Examining the Ex-post Effects and Vulnerability to Poverty

We estimate the effect of household social expenditure on vulnerability to poverty using the four latest cross-sectional waves of Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) from 1999 to 2017. Using a 3-Stage Least Square and Quantile Regression, our results show a widening consumption ex-post welfare gap between the poorest households and the non-poor households in a per-cedi social expenditure. Also, we estimate the probability of an ex-ante poverty using vulnerability to expected poverty. The results, however, indicate that regardless of poverty status, household vulnerability to poverty increased consistently between 1999 and 2017, and the very poor households showing the severest vulnerability. Hence, it is concluded that social expenditure increases the chances of a poor household falling into chronic poverty a non-poor household into transient poverty in the future.

DINAMIKA DAN POLA KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

This study discusses poverty dynamicsand its pattern wherethe significance of the study is to accelerate implementation of poverty alleviation effectively. The study method used is mixed method, quantitative and qualitative. The result of study in 2016-2018 indicatedthat number of people who moved out poverty (mover) larger than who move into poverty (faller).Meanwhile, povery pattern indicated that number of people who experienced transient poverty (50.12 percent) larger than number of people who experienced chronical poverty (48.63 percent). The implication of the study is not only number of people changed each year, but also their poverty status. Therefore, up dating of povery data must be carried out regularly each year

Rural Households’ Poverty and Relocation and Settlement: Evidence from Western China

Based on survey data collected from five counties across southern Shaanxi, China, the present study employs a multinomial logistic model to explore the main factors related to the type of poverty of rural households, particularly focusing on the role of relocation time, reason for relocation, and type of relocation. The results showed that three types of poverty, “voluntary poverty”, “transient poverty”, and “chronic poverty”, are distinguished by combining income and consumption criteria. Moreover, relocation and settlement programs contribute to a certain degree to these three kinds of poverty, and the effects vary according to the relocation characteristics. Specifically, those relocated long-term were more likely to be trapped in “voluntary poverty” and “chronic poverty”, whereas those relocated short-term were less likely to fall into “voluntary poverty” and “transient poverty”. The poverty alleviation and disaster-related resettlers were less likely to be trapped in “chronic poverty”, whereas centralized resettlers were less likely to be trapped in “voluntary poverty” and “chronic poverty”. Additionally, demographic characteristics, capital endowment variables, and geographical features are all important factors affecting rural households’ type of poverty. This study can serve as a reference for further resettlement practice in China and other developing countries.

STUDY OF DYNAMIC POVERTY IN EAST JAVA : IS HUMAN CAPITAL THE MOST APPROPRIATE WAY IN REDUCING POVERTY?

Dynamic poverty analysis distinguishes two kind of poverty: chronic and transient poverty. Chronic poverty is long term poverty while transient poverty is short term poverty. Theoretically, these two kind of poverty need different policy. Chronic poverty needs human capital development whereas transient poverty needs social safety net. This study aims to estimate chronic and transient poverty in East Java and to analyze its determinants. This research used Component Approach to estimate chronic and transient poverty. Tobit regression was employed to analyze its determinants. This study utilized Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Social Economic National Survey of Indonesia) year 2008 and year 2010. The result of this study indicates that poverty in East Java is largely comprised of chronic poverty. Chronic component of poverty is 76 percent and transient component of poverty is 24 percent. The high chronic component of poverty is found in regency of, Malang, Kediri, Sumenep, and Pasuruan. The regression result indicates that chronic and transient poverty are influenced by education of household head, gender of household head, access to credit and health insurance ownership. JEL Classification: C01, I32, I38, J24,

The Mitigation of Transient Poverty: Agenda-Setting Discourse in the Formulation Process of the Policy of Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia

As a population group with income and/or expenditure that is alarmingly close to the poverty line, the position of transient poor can be very unstable. They are in a constant vulnerability of falling under the poverty line with every critical situation that arises, which are affected by disasters, social conflicts, termination of employment, and/or changes in public policy especially in the economic sector. Up to 2015, poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia is divided into four clusters: social protection, community empowerment, small scale credit, and pro-poor supported program. Strangely, there is not a single clause in any of the four clusters that elaborates the policy schemes that addressed to the transient poor. The research is aimed to triangulate the position of transient poor groups in the poverty alleviation policy framework. Additionally, this research is also aimed to clarify the agenda-setting process in the formulation of poverty alleviation policy that neglects the transient poverty issues mitigation. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Two major findings can be derived as the conclusions from the research. Firstly, the position of transient poor population is not included in the poverty alleviation policy scheme. The existing policy alleviation scheme does not accommodate the needs and tailored approach to cater to transient poor population. Secondly, the oversight to catering to transient poor population starts even from the agenda-setting in policy formulation processes. This is seen from the fact that transient poverty issues are not exposed to the problem stream, policy stream, and political stream that utilizes policy window to discuss transient poor issues throughout the agenda-setting.