Incentivizing Innovation: The Causal Role of Government Subsidies on Lithium-Ion Battery Research and Development

Governments design and implement policies to achieve a variety of goals, but perhaps none are as pressing as shifting national economies away from non-renewable fuels and towards more sustainable, environmentally-friendly technologies. To incentivize such transitions, governments provide subsidies to private and public companies to innovate, i.e., to engage in research and development (R&D) to develop those technologies. However, the question of the companies is using government subsidies (GS) to perform R&D and its answer determines the effectiveness of government policies. Consequently, this paper seeks to answer this question through investigating Chinese lithium-ion battery (LiB) firms and the GS they receive through novel usage of information flow (IF). Hausman tests, fixed- and random-effects models confirmed a weak, though positive correlation between GS and R&D as determined by patent output (PO), but interestingly, observations of IF intimated that GS also affected other variables such as net profit (NP) and main business income (MBI). This suggests that firms are being awarded GS for higher PO, but a corresponding increase in R&D and its expected growth in company performance is not occurring. Thus, it is suggested that performance variables other than PO be used as firms may ab (use) this metric to apply for more GS, rather than performing R&D that leads to technological breakthroughs.

What Is the US Comparative Advantage in Entrepreneurship? Evidence from Israeli Migration to the United States

We investigate underlying sources of the US entrepreneurial ecosystem's advantage compared to other innovative economies by assessing the benefits Israeli startups derive from migrating to the US. Addressing positive sorting into migration, we show that migrants raise larger funding amounts and are more likely to have a US trademark and be acquired than non-migrants. Migrants also achieve a higher acquisition value. However, their patent output is not larger. We conclude that the US entrepreneurial ecosystem's advantage vis-á-vis other innovative economies arises from several sources producing sizeable gains for startups. These sources are investor availability, and large consumer and acquisitions markets.

An Exploration Of The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Innovation Performance In The Canadian Biotechnology Industry

Research addressing innovation performance in the Canadian biotech industry has primarily addressed financial metrics and not the influence of organizational culture. The lack of research on biotech organizations in terms of culture presented a "gap" in the research. An innovation performance model was developed based on the existing literature and the theorized linkages between constructs. The key addition to the conceptual model was the construct of organizational culture. The key addition to the conceptual model was the construct of organizational culture. The Competing Values Framework of Cameron and Quinn (1999) was the theoretical framework selected as the lens through which to explore the impact of culture on innovation performance, defined in terms of aggregate organizational patent output. Overall, based on the results of this research, the dominant culture generated greater innovation performance. Although, several constructs in the research model reached significance, organizational culture had a weak association with innovation performance.

An Exploration Of The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Innovation Performance In The Canadian Biotechnology Industry

Research addressing innovation performance in the Canadian biotech industry has primarily addressed financial metrics and not the influence of organizational culture. The lack of research on biotech organizations in terms of culture presented a "gap" in the research. An innovation performance model was developed based on the existing literature and the theorized linkages between constructs. The key addition to the conceptual model was the construct of organizational culture. The key addition to the conceptual model was the construct of organizational culture. The Competing Values Framework of Cameron and Quinn (1999) was the theoretical framework selected as the lens through which to explore the impact of culture on innovation performance, defined in terms of aggregate organizational patent output. Overall, based on the results of this research, the dominant culture generated greater innovation performance. Although, several constructs in the research model reached significance, organizational culture had a weak association with innovation performance.

The Method of Measuring the Agglomeration Degree of High-Tech Industries and Its Influence Mechanism: Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

This paper selects the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and the Moran index to study the overall agglomeration and spatial distribution of high-tech industries in Guangdong, a province of China. The location entropy, dynamic agglomeration index, and output value share are also used in this study to measure the agglomeration and changes that occur in high-tech industries in various cities of Guangdong Province. The relevant data of high-tech industries for the province is collected between 2013 and 2018. Our results show that Guangdong Province’s overall agglomeration of high-tech industries strengthened between 2013 and 2018, but industrial transfer occurred within the cities in the Pearl River Delta region to a certain extent. Regional international trade, R&D investment and patent output of the whole society, number of local scientific research personnel, economies of scale, communication level, and local taxation policies are the main factors contributing to the changes in the agglomeration of high-tech industries. Guangdong should create an open environment to increase R&D investment and expand the scale of R&D personnel and economy as well as strengthening intellectual property protection and communication level. Preferential taxation policies should be also implemented to accelerate the agglomeration of high-tech industries.

How R&D Financial Subsidies, Regional R&D Input, and Intellectual Property Protection Affect the Sustainable Patent Output of SMEs: Evidence from China

The effects of regional R&D input (RRDI) and intensity of intellectual property protection (IPP) on the relationship between R&D financial subsidies (RDFS) and the sustainable patent output of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is currently a topic of debate. Regional financial support and necessary IPP are vital to the sustainable patent output of SMEs. However, empirical evidence to investigate the role of RRDI and intensity of IPP is insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the effect of RDFS on the sustainable patent output of SMEs and analyze the role of RRDI and intensity of IPP in the relationship between RDFS and SMEs’ sustainable patent output. We collected data from the R&D activities of SMEs in 30 provinces of China and performed maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of six equations. The empirical results show that RDFS have a positive impact on the sustainable patent output of SMEs. Besides, RRDI plays a mediating role in the relationship between RDFS and the sustainable patent output of SMEs. Third, the mediating role of regional R&D personnel input (RRDPI) is more obvious than that of R&D fund input (RRDFI). Finally, the intensity of IPP significantly moderates the direct effect of RDFS on the sustainable patent output of SMEs and the mediation effect via RRDI.

Executive marketing background, corporate trademark and brand management

Purpose With many years’ economic transformation from “Made in China” to “Created in China,” the State Council has set May 10th as annual “China’s Brand Day” from 2017. This action indicates the implementation of brand strategy and the new national policy of promoting China’s brands. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of marketing background of top management team (TMT) on trademark and brand output. Design/methodology/approach Using the trademark application data of Chinese-listed companies, this paper constructs a multiple linear regression model and uses the OLS method. This research also uses two-stage regression to examine the effect of endogeneity on the results. Findings Our results show that the higher the proportion of executives with marketing background in TMT, the more the number of trademark applications. Furthermore, we document that the positive impact of TMT marketing background on the number of trademark applications is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, companies with more patent output and companies whose CEO has marketing background, indicating that when TMT can play a bigger role, companies have better innovation ability and team collaboration is more efficient, the promoting role of TMT marketing background on the number of corporate trademark applications will be stronger. Originality/value This research focuses on the world’s largest emerging economy – China, which is different from the existing literature that is mainly based on western developed countries. With China’s economy stepping into a new normal and consumption upgrading, it is important and worthy of a deep discussion about which factors affect the company’s trademark and brand management.