New hermit crabs (Paguroidea, Anomura) from the Eocene of Huesca, Spain

A new genus and two new species of fossil hermit crabs (Anomura, Paguroidea) are described from the southern Pyrenean basins (Huesca, NE Spain). Parapetrochirus nov. with P. robustus n. gen., n. sp., as type species, comes from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) Roda Formation. It preserves both chelipeds exhibiting a notable heterochely, a larger left cheliped and a concavity without granulation in the inner upper portions. Eocalcinus gerardbretoni n. sp. comes from the highest levels of the Arguis Formation (Priabonian) in Yeste locality. This species is characterized by a hemispherical outline and a sinuous lower margin of the chela, which differs from the type species of the genus. The cheliped morphology of such species allows inclusion in the families Diogenidae and Calcinidae, respectively. Fossil paguroids are relatively rare in the Eocene of Spain, therefore, the description of these two new taxa increases the known diversity of this group. Parapetrochirus robustus n. gen., n. sp. inhabited siliciclastic substrates within a prodelta environment and E. gerardbretoni n. sp. was collected from the last levels of coral rudstones just below the continental influence of Yeste-Arrés Formation.

The Catenae and the Septuagint

During the time of Procopius (sixth century), the catenae arranged the sacred text in the same way as the Christian commentaries before them: the Septuagint is quoted verse by verse and occupies the first position; the commentary then comes below it. This layout can be called a full-page disposition. Sometime during the second half of the seventh century the full-page model began to be replaced by a marginal layout. The reference unit is not the single folio, but the whole surface constituted by two following folios facing one other: first a given even folio, second the corresponding odd folio. The biblical text is written in the centre of each of these two folios; and the fragments of the catenae are written around it, in the upper margin, the lateral margin, and the lower margin. This marginal layout developed out of the two-column layout, in which the left column gives the biblical text and the right one, the fragments. This layout comes from the scholia. It is preserved in a few manuscripts, such as the Coislinianus 360 and the Vaticanus Barberinianus gr. 455. Witnesses of the marginal layout are numerous in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries. From the twelfth century to the end of Byzantium in the fifteenth, there was a return to the full-page layout. Besides the layout, the writing system emphasized the biblical text. Several arrangements are found, for instance the biblical text can be written with uppercase letters, whereas the catena uses lowercase. A most important aspect of these catenae is the form of the text of the Septuagint that is given in the catenae. As a rule, the compilers gave the text of the Septuagint in use in their monasteries or churches at the time of the compilation. But, in the extracts of the patristic authors, the quotations of the Scriptures are not aligned with this reference text. All in all, there are very few studies of the biblical text of the catenae. Much work remains to be done. Some of the compilers had a great interest in Biblical glosses, as well as in Jewish revisions. It is time for a new publication of Lexeis of the 150 Psalms, the first edition of Joseph Pasini is now dated (1749). And the catenae offer many unpublished readings coming from Origen’s Hexapla.

Upper eyelid reconstruction using a combination of a nasal septal chondromucosal graft and a Fricke flap: a case report

Sebaceous carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that usually arises in the sebaceous glands of the eyelids. Its pathogenesis is unknown; however, irradiation history, immunosuppression, and use of diuretics are known risk factors. The mainstay of treatment for sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is wide surgical resection with a safety margin of 5 to 6 mm, which often results in full-thickness defects. The reconstruction of a full-thickness defect of the eyelid should be approached using a three-lamella method: a mucosal component replacing the conjunctiva, a cartilage component for the tarsal plate, and a flap or skin graft for the skin of the eyelid. In this case, a fullthickness defect of the upper eyelid was reconstructed after tumor removal using a combination of a nasal septum chondromucosal composite graft and a forehead transposition flap, also known as a “Fricke flap.” The flap was designed to include a line of the eyebrow on the lower margin of the flap to replace the eyelash removed during tumor excision. The wound healed completely, without any early or late complications, and the outcome was satisfactory.

A new and previously misidentified species of Trisetella (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from southeast Ecuador

Trisetella pachycaudata, a new species in the subtribe Pleurothallidinae, was discovered in the Zamora Chinchipe province of southeast Ecuador, and it is described here. Trisetella pachycaudata is compared with the most similar species (and others with which it has been confused in cultivation), T. triglochin, T. strumosa, and T. vittata. It differs from them in the flowers with a much thicker apex of the sepaline tails (the thickest in the genus), and the petals expanded at the labellar margin, with the cuspidate apices erose on the upper margin and entire at the lower margin. Key words / Palabras clave: Trisetella strumosa, Trisetella triglochin, Trisetella vittata, Zamora Chinchipe

Arthroscopic Oblique Partial Ulnar Styloid Resection for Ulnar Styloid Impaction Syndrome

Background Open or arthroscopic partial resection of the elongated ulnar styloid is the surgical treatment of choice for ulnar styloid impaction syndrome. Case Description A patient with a severely elongated processus styloideus ulnae (PSU) with a chronic impaction of the distal-radial margin against the triquetrum suffered a traumatic triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) Palmer 1B rupture and DRUJ instability. The length of the PSU was 9 mm. After failed conservative treatment, a partial oblique arthroscopic resection of the PSU and simultaneous TFCC reinsertion were performed with uneventful recovery. Literature Review Arthroscopic resection has emerged as an alternative to the traditional open PSU resection for the treatment of styloid impaction syndrome. A transverse resection is described as the treatment of choice. Regarding the extent of resection subtotal ligament sparing resection or resection to the lower margin have been suggested. Clinical Relevance Surgical planning of PSU resection should take into consideration the anatomy of the impingement. The extent of resection should be planned individually, and sometimes an oblique resection may be the preferred option.

The Corporate Governance Models for Banks: A Comparative Study

An effective corporate governance system is vital in modern-day economics and firms. It can help to specify the distribution of roles, responsibilities, and resources among various stakeholders of an organization or society. The enhanced role of the banks in various economic systems demands a higher level of corporate bank governance for a stable and sustainable financial system. In this paper; four major corporate governance models of banks are compared and the financial outcomes of each model are analyzed to assess their alignment with expectations of an effective corporate governance system. The Continental corporate governance model found to be closer to the expectations of an effective corporate governance system compared to the Anglo- Saxon, Chinese, and Islamic banking. Banks under the Continental model charge lower margin to its customers, use bank resources more efficiently and create relative balance in the distribution of resources among all stakeholders compared to the other three models. Banks under the Anglo- Saxon model are charging higher margin to its customer, Chinese banks are under-utilizing the banks’ resources, and Islamic banks are more favoring their shareholders and are riskier among banks of all selected models. Higher involvement of the more stakeholders in the decision-making process of the banks is key to effective corporate governance and sustainable banking system. Reforms in all corporate governance models are recommended while keeping in mind the prior research on corporate governance especially the Sir Adrian Cadbury report.

Stereotactic radiosurgery as the primary management for patients with Koos grade IV vestibular schwannomas

OBJECTIVEWhile extensive long-term outcome studies support the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for smaller-volume vestibular schwannomas (VSs), its role in the management for larger-volume tumors remains controversial.METHODSBetween 1987 and 2017, the authors performed single-session SRS on 170 patients with previously untreated Koos grade IV VSs (volumes ranged from 5 to 20 cm3). The median tumor volume was 7.4 cm3. The median maximum extracanalicular tumor diameter was 27.5 mm. All tumors compressed the middle cerebellar peduncle and distorted the fourth ventricle. Ninety-three patients were male, 77 were female, and the median age was 61 years. Sixty-two patients had serviceable hearing (Gardner-Robertson [GR] grades I and II). The median margin dose was 12.5 Gy.RESULTSAt a median follow-up of 5.1 years, the progression-free survival rates of VSs treated with a margin dose ≥ 12.0 Gy were 98.4% at 3 years, 95.3% at 5 years, and 90.7% at 10 years. In contrast, the tumor control rate after delivery of a margin dose < 12.0 Gy was 76.9% at 3, 5, and 10 years. The hearing preservation rates in patients with serviceable hearing at the time of SRS were 58.1% at 3 years, 50.3% at 5 years, and 35.9% at 7 years. Younger age (< 60 years, p = 0.036) and initial GR grade I (p = 0.006) were associated with improved serviceable hearing preservation rate. Seven patients (4%) developed facial neuropathy during the follow-up interval. A smaller tumor volume (< 10 cm3, p = 0.002) and a lower margin dose (≤ 13.0 Gy, p < 0.001) were associated with preservation of facial nerve function. The probability of delayed facial neuropathy when the margin dose was ≤ 13.0 Gy was 1.1% at 10 years. Nine patients (5%) required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of delayed symptomatic hydrocephalus. Fifteen patients (9%) developed detectable trigeminal neuropathy. Delayed resection was performed in 4% of patients.CONCLUSIONSEven for larger-volume VSs, single-session SRS prevented the need for delayed resection in almost 90% at 10 years. For patients with minimal symptoms of tumor mass effect, SRS should be considered an effective alternative to surgery in most patients, especially those with advanced age or medical comorbidities.

Climatology of Estimated Altimeter Error Due to Nonstandard Temperatures

General-aviation (GA) controlled flight into terrain accidents often occur when a pilot is unaware their aircraft’s true altitude is lower than the altitude indicated by the pressure altimeter due to colder than standard temperatures. However, little guidance is available that quantifies the magnitude of these altimeter errors and their variation with season. In this study, the fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) data set is combined with the pressure-altitude equation to construct a 30-year monthly climatology covering much of the U.S. and Canada of D-value (i.e., true altitude minus pressure altitude) corrected for the standard atmosphere height separation between the altimeter setting and standard mean sea-level pressure. This “corrected” D-value therefore provides a useful estimate of the error between true and altimeter-indicated altitude. During winter, the mean corrected D-values reach values as low as −350 m (~ −1,200 feet) in northern, low-terrain regions for flights near a pressure altitude of 3,600 m, meaning the aircraft would be nearly 350 m lower than the altimeter indicates. Furthermore, the minimum (maximum negative) corrected D-values are nearly double their mean values for the same time period. In addition, the reanalysis-based corrected D-values are compared to estimated values calculated using a simple rule-of-thumb based solely on the air temperature at altitude and the surface elevation. The rule-of-thumb tends to under-predict the magnitude of the estimated error, in some cases by 70 m (~200 feet), and therefore gives a lower margin of safety.

Effect of Phenobarbitone on Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy during Hypothermia

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Phenobarbitone induces suppression of cerebral electrical activity on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); however, its effect during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has not been well characterized. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the effect of phenobarbitone on aEEG in neonates with HIE undergoing TH. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty-five neonates born at ≥35⁰ weeks gestational age (GA), who received phenobarbitone as first-line antiepileptic drug during TH for ≥ Sarnat stage II HIE with aEEG recordings were retrospectively studied. Background pattern, upper and lower margin voltages were characterized for a 30-min period before and 30–60 min after phenobarbitone administration. Primary outcome was presence of severely abnormal aEEG pattern after phenobarbitone administration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean (±SD) GA and median birth weight were 38.2 ± 1.9 weeks and 3.1 (2.5–3.9) kg, respectively. Phenobarbitone (10–20 mg/kg), administered at median age 16.8 h, was associated with background pattern worsening in 19/29 (65.5%) cases. Severe background patterns were more prevalent in post- versus pre-phenobarbitone tracings (21/29 [72%] vs. 11/29 [38%]; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Presence of severe pattern versus either continuous normal voltage or discontinuous normal voltage pattern post-phenobarbitone, (20/25 [80%] vs. 3/8 [38%]; <i>p</i> = 0.036) was associated with death or moderate-to-severe injury on MRI brain. Median time to trace recovery, when measurable, was 4 h (45 min–72 h). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Phenobarbitone induces significant suppression on aEEG in infants with HIE undergoing TH. Development of severe aEEG background patterns after phenobarbitone may unmask a population at greater risk of abnormal outcome.