Genuine Servant Leadership (GSL) Impacting Employee Motivation and Work Intentions

The purpose of this study is to explore the followers' perspective of genuine servant leadership (GSL)'s impact on them and its direct relationship to work intentions in Asian high-power distance and collectivist cultures. The study found six follower manifestations when experiencing genuine servant leader behaviors from their leader, three towards the organization and three towards the leaders. Followers are more willing to 1) voice-out ideas and concerns, 2) develop others, 3) recognize their choice in decision making (manifestation towards the organization). As followers respect their leader-follower relations, they tend to 4) voluntarily emulate their leader, 5) trust their leader, and 6) determine to follow their leader willingly (manifestation towards the leader). The six manifestations contribute to followers' intent to perform, endorse, provide discretionary effort, stay, and contribute to OCB. The research sought to understand the leader-follower interactions and intricacies contributing to the manifestations of follower intentions in Asia.

Intercultural communication from the perspective of individualist and collectivist cultures

The process of globalization, which initially dominated only the economic sphere, subsequently led to profound socio-political and cultural transformations, influencing interethnic and inter-confessional relations in multicultural and multilingual environments. In the context of the new socio-political and cultural realities, the need to raise awareness of the importance of intercultural communication is evident. Intercultural communication contributes to overcoming the negative aspects of individualism and collectivism, changes the human perception of traditional values, causes changes in the way people think and behave.

How Cultural Models of Mind Affect Actor Director Task Performance

<p>The actor director task (DT) has been used extensively to assess differences in perspective taking ability. Previous studies have found that individuals from collectivist cultures outperform those from individualist cultures in the DT. The current study uses an online form of the DT to assess individuals from European, New Zealand Pasifika and Māori cultural groups. Pasifika and Māori cultures tend to be categorised as collectivist, but have theory of mind norms that differ from previously assessed collectivist cultures. It is hypothesised that these norms will advantage Pasifika in the DT but not Māori. No significant differences are found in performance on the DT across all three cultural groups. All three groups replicated general performance on the DT in previous studies.</p>

How Cultural Models of Mind Affect Actor Director Task Performance

<p>The actor director task (DT) has been used extensively to assess differences in perspective taking ability. Previous studies have found that individuals from collectivist cultures outperform those from individualist cultures in the DT. The current study uses an online form of the DT to assess individuals from European, New Zealand Pasifika and Māori cultural groups. Pasifika and Māori cultures tend to be categorised as collectivist, but have theory of mind norms that differ from previously assessed collectivist cultures. It is hypothesised that these norms will advantage Pasifika in the DT but not Māori. No significant differences are found in performance on the DT across all three cultural groups. All three groups replicated general performance on the DT in previous studies.</p>

The virtual faikava: Maintaining vā and creating online learning spaces during COVID-19

Covid-19 has had a major impact on collectivist cultures and their means of social interaction and maintaining contact with those in their wider community. This has particularly been the case for Pacific peoples living in diaspora, with Covid-19 preventing travel home and social distancing and forced lockdowns restricting the ability to gather. This has also impacted vā, the Pacific concept of ‘relational space’ critical to connectivity and maintaining relationships. This paper explains the creation of virtual faikava; online meeting environments in which Pacific kava users meet, maintain vā, connect with those at home and in the wider diasporic community and learn, while consuming their traditional beverage kava.

Avoidant Attachment as a Panacea against Collective Mortality Concerns: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Individualist and Collectivist Cultures

Despite the universality of cultural worldviews and self-esteem in providing people with general protection against death anxiety, recent empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that death anxiety is more pronounced in East-Asian collectivist cultures than in Western individualist cultures. We propose that collectivists are encumbered by the additive concerns for the mortal well-being of close others in addition to their own, whereas individualists are primarily concerned with their own mortality, which would explain the reported differential death anxiety between cultures. Focusing on individual differences in attachment avoidance, we predicted that avoidant collectivists, with disinterest in interpersonal relationships and staunch independence despite living in a collectivist culture, would report less death anxiety on par with enculturated individualists. Results from our study support the contention that elevated levels of death anxiety among collectivists are explained by their cultural predilection toward interdependence, which attachment avoidance undermines, thus leading to reduced death anxiety.

Context- and culture-dependent behaviours for the greater good: A comparative analysis of plate waste generation

In the home context, behaviours that serve the greater good are more often observed among people from collectivist cultures than those from individualist cultures. This tendency is assumed to translate to the vacation context, with people from all collectivist cultures believed to be homogeneous in such behaviour. This study challenges both the above notions, and investigates for the first time both the context- and culture-dependence of one specific environmentally significant behaviour: plate waste generation. Informed by goal framing and cultural dimensions theories, this qualitative study with samples from a masculine collectivist culture (China) and a feminine collectivist culture (Slovenia) reveals that the level of pro-environmental behaviour declines in the vacation context. The possible reasons differ between both collectivist cultures. The specific drivers of environmentally significant behaviour we identified can guide the development of culture-specific interventions to reduce the plate waste generated in tourism and hospitality.

Poverty and Culture

Serious long-term poverty in the United States is more likely to burden those who come from non-Western, collectivist cultures that socialize people to modify behavior in accordance with demands made by the outside group. People from these cultural backgrounds conform less easily to the individualist, inner-directed, and enterprising culture of the United States.