The Power of Place: The Effect of Forced Placement on Refugee Naturaliza-tion

Does initial placement matter for refugee integration? I provide new evidence for the effect of placement on refugee integration. Using Danish register data, I exploit that refugees who obtained residency after January 1 1999 were subject to forced dispersal whereas refugees who obtained res-idency before this cutoff were subject to voluntary dispersal. In a regression discontinuity design, I show that forced dispersal—that induced exogenous variation in initial placement—had a large im-pact on refugees’ likelihood of naturalization. Forced placed refugees are about 26 percent less like-ly to naturalize compared to voluntary placed refugees. Moreover, my findings suggest that this placement effect operates on a synergy mechanism between places and individuals’ characteristics: forced placement affects refugee naturalization negatively because it deteriorates their ability to select into locations that match their own characteristics. Consistent with this mechanism, the drop in naturalization rates is concentrated among the most disadvantaged refugees.

Hydrophilic hindering and hydrophobic growing: a vesicle glycometabolism multi-drug combination therapeutic against Alzheimer disease

The advanced drug vehicle exploitation and the sophisticated synergy mechanism revelation are two great difficulties in the combination therapy. Compared with most readily available polymer micelle, some undiscovered complex chemical...