Childhood in the memoirs of Russian female historians of the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries

The present paper studies ego-documents of Russian female historians written in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries, with a focus on the works of N.I. Gagen-Thorn, E.V. Gutnova, M.M. Levis, V.N. Kharuzina, S.V. Zhitomirskaya, E.N. Shchepkina, and N.D. Flittner. How do these authors, in their childhood descriptions, discuss their professional choices? By producing ego-documents, the female historians wanted to preserve their memory of childhood events in the form of a new historical source. In so doing they followed the principles that they also adhered to when wri- ting historical essays. At the same time their texts are very subjective: each reflects the respective researcher's personal experiences. Each text is unique, and there are few overlaps with the memoirs of other female historians of their time, or with those of younger colleagues. In many ways, the women were influenced by authors of the Russian memoirist tradition; they often adhered to self-censorship (even when there was no clear ideological pressure from society). As a result, the narrative about childhood turned into a narrative about the prerequisites for the self-identification of women as scientists. Memories became a form of self-representation, and this conditioned the selective nature of childhood narratives; later success in the profession was projected back onto childhood memories. The childhood narratives of Russian female historians differ from texts of their male colleagues: women preferred to describe their impressions with references to material artifacts and to everyday rituals, writing carefully about their emotional experiences. One of the most important subjects in these womens memoirs and diaries was when they for the first time experienced the gender conflict in their lives: when they understood that their scholarly ambition runs against the common attitudes about gender attitudes that they had internalized in early childhood.

Sociocultural Aspects of Gender Conflict in Radical Network Communities of Runet (Based on Field Research)

Актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы обусловлена необходимостью междисциплинарного осмысления набирающего популярность среди российской аудитории феномена - мизандрии и мизогинии, наиболее заметно представленного в виртуальном пространстве. Авторами было проведено эмпирическое исследование с использованием методов глубинного интервью и включенного наблюдения в сообществах радикальной гендерной направленности, которые брендированны как «Радфем» [1], «ФемКызлар» [2], «Мужское государство» [3], артикулирующих радикальные социокультурные и социально-политические концепты. Исследование проводилось с 2020 года по август 2021 года. На основании проведенного анализа, авторы приходят к выводу, что гендерный конфликт становится одним из наиболее распространенных видов виртуальной социальной агрессии. Его содержательная «повседневность» и эксплицитная коммуникативная форма, позволяют использовать данный вид социального конфликта как рамочную конструкцию для создания деструктивных идеологем, формирующих в количественно значимых демографических группах атмосферу неприятия и ксенофобии с целью повышения уровня социальной аномии в обществе, дискредитации традиционных культурных норм, нанесения морального и психологического урона различным социокультурным группам и их отдельным представителям. Данные особенности гендерного конфликта ставят перед научным сообществом серьезные исследовательские и практические задачи. The relevance of this problem is due to the need for an interdisciplinary understanding of the phenomenon of misandry and misogyny in the virtual space. The authors conducted their own empirical research using the methods of in-depth interviews and included observation in communities of radical gender orientation, which are branded as " Radfem" [1], "FemKyzlar" [2], "Men's State" [3], speaking with ultra-radical socio-political slogans. The study was conducted from 2020 to July 2021. Based on the analysis, the authors come to the conclusion that gender conflict is becoming one of the most common types of virtual aggression. Its meaningful "everyday life" and explicit communicative form allow us to use this type of social conflict as a framework for creating destructive ideologies, the formation of aggression and xenophobia in order to increase the level of social anomie in society, discredit traditional cultural norms, cause physical or moral and psychological damage to various social groups or individuals. These features of the gender conflict pose serious research and practical tasks for the scientific communities.

Association of perceived gender conflict with depression and attempted suicide in adolescent girls

Background and Goals: Suicide attempts occur mostly during adolescence and are much more frequent in females than in males, although males tend to commit suicide more often than females. This study aims to examine the association between female gender, gender conflict, depression, stress and suicide attempts in adolescent girls. Methods: Participants included 86 adolescent girls aged 12-21 (µ=15.7, SD=3.07) with depression (n=29), attempted suicide (n=15) or both (n=42), admitted consecutively to a tertiary medical center and 93 healthy controls from the community. Depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, gender identity and conflict, personality factors, and stress were compared between the study group and controls and each of the three study-subgroups and controls. Results : A difference was found in the perception gap of own femininity versus others' expectations of the subject’s femininity, between the suicide attempters both with and without depression and the controls. Personality factors were also found to be related to depression and suicide attempts. Suicide attempters with depression showed more harm avoidance than those without depression. Novelty seeking was significantly higher in non-depressed suicide attempters than in controls but not when compared to suicide attempters with depression. Conclusion: It seems that suicide attempts and depression may not only be related to female gender identity. Conflicting gender expectations may result in increased stress, raising the risk for suicide attempts, particularly in girls with high harm avoidance.

Variety of Social Conflicts in Novel Drupadi Karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma

Conflict is something that cannot be avoided in social life. With the conflict, the community will be more intelligent in dealing with life and life. That is what is seen in the Drupadi novel by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Seno Gumira Ajidarma manifests social conflict by using the uniqueness of abstract language. Social conflict is portrayed by Seno Gumira Ajidarma by asserting something with others so that the social conflict that is portrayed becomes more interesting, because it is very different in its delivery with other works. Based on then this study aims to describe the forms of social conflict and the causes of social conflict. This type of research is qualitative using the method of analysis description to explain the results of the study. The data collection technique used is descriptive literature study. The results showed that the forms and causes of social conflict were found in the form of (1) Gender conflict caused by social change, (2) Inter-group conflict caused by individual differences, (3) Conflict of interest caused by conflict of interests both in terms of economic or political, (4) Interpersonal conflicts caused by individual differences, (5) Conflicts between Social Classes, (6) Conflicts between countries / nations caused by conflicts of interests both economically or politically.

The past and future(s) of environmental peacebuilding

Environmental peacebuilding is a rapidly growing field of research and practice at the intersection of environment, conflict, peace and security. Focusing on these linkages is crucial in a time when the environment is a core issue of international politics and the number of armed conflicts remains high. This article introduces a special issue with a particular emphasis on environmental opportunities for building and sustaining peace. We first detail the definitions, theoretical assumptions and intellectual background of environmental peacebuilding. The article then provides context for the special issue by briefly reviewing core findings and debates of the first two generations of environmental peacebuilding research. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed in the next generation of research, and to which the articles in this special issue contribute: bottom-up approaches, gender, conflict-sensitive programming, use of big data and frontier technology, and monitoring and evaluation.