Classification and Prediction of Violence Against Chinese Medical Staff on the Sina Microblog Based on a Self-Organizing Map: Quantitative Study

Background For the last decade, doctor-patient contradiction in China has remained prominent, and workplace violence toward medical staff still occurs frequently. However, little is known about the types and laws of propagation of violence against medical staff online. Objective By using a self-organizing map (SOM), we aimed to explore the microblog propagation law for violent incidents in China that involve medical staff, to classify the types of incidents and provide a basis for rapidly and accurately predicting trends in public opinion and developing corresponding measures to improve the relationship between doctors and patients. Methods For this study, we selected 60 cases of violent incidents in China involving medical staff that led to heated discussions on the Sina microblog from 2011 to 2018, searched the web data of the microblog using crawler software, recorded the amount of new tweets every 2 hours, and used the SOM neural network to cluster the number of tweets. Polynomial and exponential functions in MATLAB software were applied to predict and analyze the data. Results Trends in the propagation of online public opinion regarding the violent incidents were categorized into 8 types: bluff, waterfall, zigzag, steep, abrupt, wave, steep slope, and long slope. The communications exhibited different characteristics. The prediction effect of 4 types of incidents (ie, bluff, waterfall, zigzag, and steep slope) was good and accorded with actual spreading trends. Conclusions Our study found that the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, such as a serious injury or death, the more attention it drew on the microblog, the faster was its propagation speed, and the longer was its duration. In these cases, the propagation types were mostly steep slope, long slope, and zigzag. In addition, the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, the higher popularity it exhibited on the microblog. The popularity within a week was significantly higher for acts resulting from patients’ dissatisfaction with treatments than for acts resulting from nontherapeutic incidents.

Intimate partner violence in Greece: a study of 664 consecutive forensic clinical examinations

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-known phenomenon, which affects mostly women. While IPV victims may attend emergency departments (EDs) seeking medical care, not all of them will make an allegation against their abusers. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and the characteristics of the victims, who had made an allegation about the violent incident and had been examined by a forensic pathologist for judicial purposes, and had attended EDs seeking medical care, before the forensic examination. Methods We reviewed the archives of clinical examinations that were conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens during a 5-year period (2012–16). Results Six hundred sixty-four clinical examinations were conducted at our Department for IPV allegations. According to our findings, women were more likely to seek medical care than men. Victims who have attended EDs were more likely to have sustained injuries located at least on the head or on the lower limbs. Conclusion The majority of IPV victims in the broader region of Attica (Greece) were women, usually married, and aged between 30 and 49 years old. Despite the fact that the majority of IPV incidents are not reported to police, every person who is engaged in the process of dealing with IPV victims has to be educated and adequately informed about this phenomenon, its implications and the possible ways to deal with it. Furthermore, victims need to be educated and informed adequately in waiting rooms of EDs.

Kanpur 1913

Chapter 10 returns to Kanpur. Fifty-six years after the Revolt, Kanpur was again the locality for a violent incident and again the emotional repercussions could be felt throughout North India. It was one of the most important incidents in the years before the First World War and a decisive step to alienate the Muslims from the colonial power and open them to the possibility of joining the non-cooperation campaign a few years later. What constituted the emotional core of the events, this chapter argues, was not anger, but josh—an emotion which in this context carries the connotations of enthusiasm or fervor. Orators and journalists exhorted their audiences to show their josh for the house of God and for Islam. Emotional excess, the ability to deeply experience hurt sentiments, was no longer a danger to be avoided, but an ideal, a proof for the ethical substance of the actor’s character.

3076 Findings from the first year of California’s Workplace Violence Prevention in Healthcare standard (Title 8, Section 3342)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This research project aims to: 1) describe the incidents of workplace violence that have been reported to CalOSHA through the Workplace Violent Incident Reporting System for Hospitals; 2) determine if there are any relationships between the types of violent incidents reported and the unit or hospital where the event occurred; 3) describe what mitigation strategies facility representatives report having utilized immediately following a violent incident, such as changes to practice or involvement of law enforcement. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Reports submitted to CalOSHA pursuant to the Workplace Violent Incident Reporting System for Hospitals are considered public record and are available through the state’s Public Records Act (PRA) mandate. Records from 7/1/17 – 9/30/18 were obtained through the CalOSHA PRA request process. Descriptive statistics and correlations were calculated using Stata. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Records reporting 11,116 individual events of violence were analyzed. These results do not include reports submitted by the five California State Hospitals, a group of facilities which treated nearly 13,000 patients in 2017, many of whom have a psychiatric diagnosis and are undergoing treatment mandated by judicial decision. For each record, 111 variables were reported, including description of the event itself, characteristics of the workers involved, factors which may have triggered the event, and what measures were taken to mitigate the situation during and after the incident. All events identified an aggressor; 10,357 (93%) described this individual as a patient. 11,048 reports had a unit or hospital location listed to describe where the incident occurred. Of these, 9393 (84.5%) were inpatient, behavioral health, or surgical units. A physical injury was reported in 3672 events (33%) and stress/psychological impairment was reported in 536 (5%) of the incidents. Police officers were deployed to the scene following the incident in 1122 (10%) of reported events, resulting in arrest of the perpetrator in 402 (3.6%) of the reported incidents. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: While the impulse to address the high prevalence of workplace violence towards healthcare providers has led to deserved attention from policy makers, safety regulators, and healthcare unions, plans for ensuring that new initiatives are achieving their desired effect for workers have yet to fully materialize. An ongoing concern is that incidents are known to be under-reported through official mechanisms, leading to challenges in determining the scope of the problem itself and evaluating the efficacy of interventions to address it. CalOSHA’s new reporting requirement and online interface provides a new channel for improving validity of prevalence data, as early findings indicate that less serious events are being reported through the system. In addition, information describing how hospital leaders report responding to incidents in their immediate aftermath will provide needed insight into what additional efforts are needed to support victims of violence given the unique challenges present in the healthcare industry.

Classification and Prediction of Violence Against Chinese Medical Staff on the Sina Microblog Based on a Self-Organizing Map: Quantitative Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND For the last decade, doctor-patient contradiction in China has remained prominent, and workplace violence toward medical staff still occurs frequently. However, little is known about the types and laws of propagation of violence against medical staff online. OBJECTIVE By using a self-organizing map (SOM), we aimed to explore the microblog propagation law for violent incidents in China that involve medical staff, to classify the types of incidents and provide a basis for rapidly and accurately predicting trends in public opinion and developing corresponding measures to improve the relationship between doctors and patients. METHODS For this study, we selected 60 cases of violent incidents in China involving medical staff that led to heated discussions on the Sina microblog from 2011 to 2018, searched the web data of the microblog using crawler software, recorded the amount of new tweets every 2 hours, and used the SOM neural network to cluster the number of tweets. Polynomial and exponential functions in MATLAB software were applied to predict and analyze the data. RESULTS Trends in the propagation of online public opinion regarding the violent incidents were categorized into 8 types: bluff, waterfall, zigzag, steep, abrupt, wave, steep slope, and long slope. The communications exhibited different characteristics. The prediction effect of 4 types of incidents (ie, bluff, waterfall, zigzag, and steep slope) was good and accorded with actual spreading trends. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, such as a serious injury or death, the more attention it drew on the microblog, the faster was its propagation speed, and the longer was its duration. In these cases, the propagation types were mostly steep slope, long slope, and zigzag. In addition, the more serious the consequences of a violent incident, the higher popularity it exhibited on the microblog. The popularity within a week was significantly higher for acts resulting from patients’ dissatisfaction with treatments than for acts resulting from nontherapeutic incidents.

Violence and post-hegemony - Theorising affective resonances between voice and habit memory

The prevailing accounts of voice within cultural studies often centre on issues of political representation and authority, bypassing the material aspects of voice and ensuing political effects thereof. By analysing a violent incident during a hip hop concert in Poland, this paper attempts to provide a post-hegemonic account of the politics of voice. It traces the circulation of sonic intensities comprising the event – including the sonority of voice, its electric amplification and the rhythmic organisation of verbal interactions – arguing that they directly modulated the behaviour patterns of the audience via affective transmission. Furthermore, the concept of habit memory is employed to indicate the limits of contagion. The paper thus rereads the outbreak of violence in terms of resonances that occur beneath the level of discourse, immanently restructuring the encounters between bodies.