Nephroprotective Effect of Functional Beverage of Dolichous Biflorus Seeds on Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis: A Mechanistic Approach

Calcium oxalate is the most common type of urolithiasis and is suggested due to membrane oxalate transporters dysfunction. This study has used Dolichos biflorus seeds as a functional beverage to explore its bioactive substances’ role on membrane transporters for managing urolithiasis. Urolithiasis model of ethylene glycol induced calcium oxalate crystals in albino Wistar rats was used in this study. Treatment of functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds restored normal blood and urinary oxalate and citrate level and showed anti-urolithiasis activity. Probenecid, a membrane organic anion transporter (Slc26) inhibitor, treatment has abolished anti-urolithiasis activity of functional beverage and suggested Dolichos biflorus produce effect through the restoration of membrane oxalate transporters activity. An oxalate-less diet did not significantly reduce urinary, and plasma oxalate in probenecid treated animals and suggested that dietary oxalate is not primarily involved in calcium oxalate urolithiasis and conditions like hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria. Therefore, our findings suggested that endogenous oxalate in conjunction with idiopathic or chronic reduced activity or defective Slc26 transporters due to aging results in calcium oxalate kidney stones. The functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds exhibited anti-urolithiasis activity through improving the activity of Slc26 transporters.

Effect of Dolichos biflorus Seeds Based Functional Beverage on In Vitro Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in Human Urine

Calcium oxalate is the most common type of urolithiasis. The crystallization process includes nucleation, growth, and the aggregation of crystals. This study has used Dolichos biflorus seeds as a functional beverage to explore the role of its bioactive substances on the crystallization process of calcium oxalate in managing urolithiasis. A human urine model of in vitro calcium oxalate crystals was used in the study. Phytochemical screening of Functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds was performed, and antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring DPPH radical-scavenging activity, reducing power assay, and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds inhibited crystallization process by reducing aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. The reduction in crystals aggregation helps prevent urolithiasis by keeping the crystals dispersed in the urine, controlling their size, and facilitating expulsion from the urinary tract. The results showed that the Functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds has a significant quantity of flavonoids, glycosides, etc., and also possesses a significant antioxidant activity as evaluated by employing different antioxidant assays. Therefore, our findings suggested that the functional beverage of Dolichos biflorus seeds exhibited antiurolithiatic activity through inhibition of the crystallization process of the calcium oxalate process and significant antioxidant potential.

Antiurolithiatic efficacy of combination preparations of Dolichos biflorus and Crataeva nurvala: folk medicines used in Indian traditional medicine

Background In spite of advances in the modern allopathic medicines, there is no satisfactory treatment of kidney stones, so formation and growth of calculi continues to trouble mankind. In India, many herbal formulations are in use for the treatment of urolithiasis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antiurolithiatic efficacy of combined extract of plants Dolichos biflorus (D.b) (hydroalcoholic seed extract) and Crataeva nurvala (C.n) (aqueous bark extract) in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v, p.o.) was administered for 35 days. Different drug treatments were given from the 21st to 35th day of the study. On the last day, rats were sacrificed, and different samples were taken for further analysis. Results Both the combination drug treatments were found to be effective in treating urolithiasis. More significant protection was observed on treatment with the fraction ratio of D.b + C.n (3:1). Histopathology analysis showed degenerated glomeruli and inflammatory cells in urolithiasis control. The same were regenerated on treatment with combined extract of the two plants. Conclusion Administration of the combined plant extracts in a ratio of D.b + C.n (3:1) possesses better efficacy against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats which may be evaluated further for mechanistic pathway elucidation in vivo.

The intravarietal relationship among different accessions of Dolichos biflorus was checked based on protein profiling using SDS-PAGE.

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship within the selected Eleven Indian (Dolichos biflorus (horse gram) varieties was analyzed for total soluble seed protein. Twenty-five bands were documented through SDS PAGE based on 100 seed weight of each variety and were studied for genetic diversity. Jaccard’s similarity matrix was acquired and used in UPGMA cluster analysis based on the polymorphism generated by the presence (1) or absence (0) of protein bands. Thus, the dendrogram showed four major groups that corre-spond to an earlier study on polymorphisms of 11 accessions of Indian Dolichos. Signifi-cant correspondence between the clustering pattern and the pedigree was observed; thus, a high genetic diversity could be kept within the Dolichos varieties. A similarity matrix among the targeted genotypes and phylogenetic analysis is considered a unique feature in the present work. Therefore, the current investigation was carried out to analyse Protein diversity of unexplored Dolichos genotypes at the molecular level, construct a dendro-gram based on similarity band matrix and generate efficiency in genetic divergence analy-sis among Dolichos. This study underlines the importance of using genetic diversity based in the Dolichos breeding program.

Histochemical assessment on the cellular interplay of vascular endothelial cells and septoclasts during endochondral ossification in mice

This study was aimed to verify the cellular interplay between vascular endothelial cells and surrounding cells in the chondro-osseous junction of murine tibiae. Many CD31-positive endothelial cells accompanied with Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin lectin-positive septoclasts invaded into the hypertrophic zone of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage. MMP9 immunoreactive cytoplasmic processes of vascular endothelial cells extended into the transverse partitions of cartilage columns. In contrast, septoclasts included several large lysosomes which indicate the incorporation of extracellular matrices despite no immunopositivity for F4/80—a hallmark of macrophage/monocyte lineage. In addition, septoclasts were observed in c-fos-/- mice but not in Rankl-/- mice. Unlike c-fos-/- mice, Rankl-/- mice showed markedly expanded hypertrophic zone and the irregular shape of the chondro-osseous junction. Immunoreactivity of platelet-derived growth factor-bb, which involved in angiogenic roles in the bone, was detected in not only osteoclasts but also septoclasts at the chondro-osseous junction. Therefore, septoclasts appear to assist the synchronous vascular invasion of endothelial cells at the chondro-osseous junction. Vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction possess endomucin but not EphB4, whereas those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction were intensely positive for both endomucin and EphB4, while being accompanied with ephrinB2-positive osteoblasts. Taken together, it is likely that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2. Mini-abstract: Our original article demonstrated that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2.(A figure that best represents your paper is Fig. 5c)

Comparative Fingerprint Profiling of Unani Polyherbomineral (Safoof-e-Pathar Phori) Formulation by HPTLC, HPLC, and GC-MS

Background: Standardization of Unani formulations is essential to assess the quality and safety of drugs to establish their acceptance internationally as well as in nationally. Safoof-e-Pathar phori is a polyherbomineral formulation that contains six different plant and mineral constituents: Didymocarpus pedicellata, Dolichos biflorus, Rheum emodi, Raphanus sativus, potassium carbonate, and potassium nitrate. Objective: The objective of the study is to develop and establish the quality of Safoof-e-Pathar phori, used for antilithiatic activity using chromatographic analysis. Methods: This study involves comparative fingerprint profiling of an Unani polyherbomineral formulation with its plant constituents by high-performance TLC (HPTLC), HPLC, and GC-MS. The authenticity of the Unani polyherbomineral formulation using comparative HPLC and GC-MS fingerprint profiling was achieved by comparing the retention time of peaks matching with plant drugs. Results: In HPTLC, comparative fingerprinting was done on the basis of retardation factor values of compounds separated on HPTLC plates of the formulation and the single drugs. The relative retention times of the characteristic peaks in the HPLC fingerprinting were established for identification of the Unani poly-herbo-mineral formulation, whereas GC-MS was used for comparative fingerprint profiling of different compounds present in single drugs and in formulation through the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Wiley libraries using mass by charge ration (m/z) of detected compounds. Conclusions: The fingerprint analysis approach is the most potent tool for quality control of polyherbal medicines because of its accuracy and reliability, and it also helps in identification and authentication and prevents adulteration. Highlights: The developed chromatographic methods enable the quality and safety profile of the products.