Ovarian risk factors of female infertility by transvaginal ultrasonography

Aim: To determine the Ovarian risk factors of female infertility by transvaginal ultrasonography Study design: Cross sectional validation study Methods: The study comprised women visiting the department with unexplained infertility for treatment during the period of 2018 to 2020. A total of 550 cycles were inducted primarily referred for ovarian assessment by ultrasound with patent tubes and normal utero-ovarian morphology. All those women having no conception with normal semen analysis of their husbands. Male factor infertility was also excluded. Baseline transvaginal sonography (TVS) was performed at proliferative phase, of the cycle. Mature follicles were studied by TVS. On an individual basis, the following parameters, that is, follicle size, ovarian volume and ovarian artery Doppler PI, RI were studied. Follicle size and ovarian artery Doppler flow were highly significant for a pregnancy. Results: In this research two types of infertility was compared with normal group as for as the primary infertile females were 99 (18.00%) and secondary infertile females were 144 (26.18%) and normal were 307 (55.82%). Out of 550 patients 243 (44.18%) patients were infertile and 307 (55.82%) were normal. Discussed in this research. Conclusions: Ovarian ultrasound assessment proved to be a simple, noninvasive and authentic to predict the ovarian environment and thereby helping in the prediction of the outcome in infertility. Keywords: Infertility, Doppler ultrasonography, Transvaginal ultrasonography, Resistive index, Pulsatility index

Effects of Sedation with Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine on Doppler Measurements of Ovarian Artery Blood Flow in Bitches

The aim was to evaluate if medetomidine and dexmedetomidine affected arterial ovarian blood flow in dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned to two different groups. In Group 1, medetomidine (10 µg/kg) was administered intramuscularly and, in Group 2, dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) was used. After a preliminary exam, arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and a duplex Doppler ultrasonographic examination of both ovarian arteries was performed. Twenty minutes after the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, BP and ovarian Doppler ultrasonography were repeated. High quality tracings of ovarian artery flow velocity were obtained in all dogs and Doppler parameters: Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) and Resistive Index (RI) were measured before and after drug administration in the left (LO) and right (RO) ovaries. PSV and EDV values decreased significantly after drug administration (p < 0.05) compared to the non-sedated values, but no differences were found between the LO and RO (p > 0.05). The RI was not affected by drugs administration in neither of the groups studied (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine causes a decrease in blood flow velocity in the ovarian artery and may be a good choice to avoid excessive bleeding prior surgeries in which ovariectomy.

EVALUATION OF PCOS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE PATIENTS USING TRANSVAGINAL OVARIAN AND UTERINE ARTERY COLOR DOPPLER

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of premenopausal (1) women affecting approximately 5-10% of female population in their reproductive years . The clinical, biochemical as well as the radiological spectrum of PCOS and their correlations have gained importance over the years owing to complex pathophysiology of this syndrome, which still remains partially understood. Aims & Objectives: To study hemodynamic changes in ovarian and uterine arteries in PCOS patients using color doppler ultrasound, along with their clinical and biochemical parameters. A total of 60 patients with clinical history of infertility Methods: (30 obese & 30 non-obese) and 30 control (fertile women) were taken, who underwent transvaginal ultrasound and color doppler scan, and were correlated clinically and hormonally. Results: The ovarian artery mean pulsatility index (PI) was observed to be 4.05 in control group and 2.58 among PCOS cases, which is signicantly decreased in cases. Comparing non-obese and obese PCOS cases, the mean ovarian artery PI was found to be 2.65 and 2.51 respectively. The difference was not signicant. In our study, the resistive index (RI) of ovarian artery also showed a signicant decrease among PCOS cases with mean value of 0.62, compared to 0.9 in the control group. The PI and RI of uterine artery in both obese and non-obese cases were signicantly increased in comparison to control group. Transvaginal colour doppler helps in adequate evaluation of haemodynami Conclusion: c changes in small vessels of utero-ovarian circulation. It can aid in diagnosis as well as serve as prognostic indicator in patients suffering from PCOS.

A Unique Case of Incomplete Bifid Ureter and Associated Arterial Variations

Introduction. Urogenital and vascular anomalies, including a left duplex kidney and a left aberrant renal artery that gave rise to the left ovarian artery, were observed in a 77-year-old female cadaver during a routine dissection. Description. A left aberrant renal artery, which gave rise to the left ovarian artery, was observed originating from the aorta 4 cm below the left renal artery. Two independent contributions to a bifid ureter were found originating from the hilum of the left kidney. These two contributions descended 12.4 cm and 10.6 cm, respectively, posterior to the left aberrant renal artery and lateral to the left ovarian artery before uniting anterior to the psoas major muscle to descend 12.7 cm to the bladder. Significance. While the duplex kidney is a relatively common congenital anomaly that can be asymptomatic, it can also potentially be associated with compression of renal vasculature or the ureter. Ureteral compression can then result in several pathologies including reflux, urinary tract infection (UTI), ureteropelvic junction obstruction, or hydronephrosis. Compression of renal and ovarian vasculature can result in altered blood flow to the kidney and ovary, potentially causing fibrosis, atrophy, or organ failure. Current imaging techniques alone are insufficient for correct diagnostics of such complications, and they must be supplemented with a thorough understanding of the respective anatomical variations.