Power Generation Control of Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Deregulated Power System

This work presents the power generation control of a two-area, hybrid, deregulated power system integrated with renewable energy sources (RES). The incorporation of appropriate system non-linearities and RES into the power system makes it complex, but more practical. The hybrid deregulated power system with RES is a complex nonlinear system that regularly exposes the major issue of system dynamic control due to insufficient damping under varying loading circumstances. The generation-demand equilibrium point of the power system varies following a contingency; hence, it becomes difficult to maintain the appropriate equilibrium point via traditional control approaches. To solve this problem, novel control approaches, along with rapid-acting energy storage devices (ESD), are immediate need for advanced power systems. As a result, various secondary controllers are inspected for improvements in system dynamics. A performance comparison infers the cascaded ID-PD controller as the optimum one. The secondary controller gains are successfully optimized by the powerful satin bowerbird optimization (SBO) technique. Additionally, the impact of a super-conducting-magnetic-energy-storage (SMES) device in system dynamics and control of developed power system is analyzed in this study. A sensitivity evaluation (SE) infers that SBO-optimized cascaded ID-PD controller gains are strong enough for alterations in load perturbations, system loading, inertial constant (H), solar irradiance and the DISCO involvement matrix (DIM).

A Combinatorial Safety Analysis of Cruise Ship Diesel–Electric Propulsion Plant Blackout

Diesel–Electric Propulsion (DEP) has been widely used for the propulsion of various ship types including cruise ships. Considering the potential consequences of blackouts, especially on cruise ships, it is essential to design and operate the ships’ power plants for avoiding and preventing such events. This study aims at implementing a comprehensive safety analysis for a cruise ship Diesel–Electric Propulsion (DEP) plant focusing on blackout events. The Combinatorial Approach to Safety Analysis (CASA) method is used to develop Fault Trees considering the blackout as the top event, and subsequently estimate the blackout frequency as well as implement importance analysis. The derived results demonstrate that the overall blackout frequency is close to corresponding values reported in the pertinent literature as well as estimations based on available accident investigations. This study deduces that the blackout frequency depends on the number of operating Diesel Generator (DG) sets, the DG set’s loading profile, the amount of electrical load that can be tripped during overload conditions and the plant operation phase. In addition, failures of the engine auxiliary systems and the fast-electrical load reduction functions, as well as the power generation control components, are identified as important. This study demonstrates the applicability of the CASA method to complex marine systems and reveals the parameters influencing the investigated system blackout frequency, thus providing better insights for these systems’ safety analysis and enhancement.