double network
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2022 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 133045
Author(s):  
Liming Qin ◽  
Guiyan Yang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Kangtai Ou ◽  
Hengyu Zheng ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Anusha Wei Asohan ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak ◽  
Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid ◽  
Nurshafiqah Jasme ◽  
...  

In this study, we aimed to prepare and characterise hydrogel formulations using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), alginate (Alg), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The CNC/Alg/PEGDA formulations were formed using a double network crosslinking approach. Firstly, CNC was extracted from oil palm trunk, and the size and morphology of the CNCs were characterised using TEM analysis. Secondly, different formulations were prepared using CNCs, Alg, and PEGDA. The mixtures were crosslinked with Ca2+ ions and manually extruded using a syringe before being subjected to UV irradiation at 365 nm. The shear-thinning properties of the formulations were tested prior to any crosslinking, while the determination of storage and loss modulus was conducted post extrusion after the Ca2+ ion crosslink using a rheometer. For the analysis of swelling behaviour, the constructs treated with UV were immersed in PBS solution (pH 7.4) for 48 h. The morphology of the UV crosslinked construct was analysed using SEM imaging. The extracted CNC exhibited rod-like structures with an average diameter and length of around 7 ± 2.4 and 113 ± 20.7 nm, respectively. Almost all CNC/Alg/PEGDA formulations (pre-gel formulation) displayed shear-thinning behaviour with the power-law index η < 1, and the behaviour was more prominent in the 1% [w/v] Alg formulations. The CNC/Alg/PEGDA with 2.5% and 4% [w/v] Alg displayed a storage modulus dominance over loss modulus (G′ > G″) which suggests good shape fidelity. After the hydrogel constructs were subjected to UV treatment at 365 nm, only the F8 construct [4% CNC: 4% Alg: 40% PEGDA] demonstrated tough and flexible characteristics that possibly mimic the native articular cartilage property due to a similar water content percentage (79.5%). In addition, the small swelling ratio of 4.877 might contribute to a minimal change of the 3D construct’s geometry. The hydrogel revealed a rough and wavy surface, and the pore size ranged from 3 to 20 µm. Overall, the presence of CNCs in the double network hydrogel demonstrated importance and showed positive effects towards the fabrication of a potentially ideal 3D bioprinted scaffold.


Author(s):  
Shaoji Wu ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Guangcong Tang ◽  
Bailin Dai ◽  
...  

At present, hydrogel flexible sensors have attracted wide attention in the field of wearable electronic devices. However, hydrogel flexible sensors need external solid state power supply to output stable signals....


Author(s):  
Cong Du ◽  
jian Hu ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Huimin Shi ◽  
Hai Chao Yu ◽  
...  

To mimic biological tissues with large toughness such as cartilage, it is highly desired to fabricate stable and tough hydrogels with intricate shapes to act as a structural support. Extrusion-based...


2021 ◽  
pp. 2102059
Author(s):  
Si Cheng ◽  
Xianbao Liu ◽  
Yi Qian ◽  
Miribani Maitusong ◽  
Kaixiang Yu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Huan Sun ◽  
Shitong Li ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Yanhua Liu ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
...  
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