THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS - A REVIEW

INTRODUCTION: Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality as a result of this new infection, the treatments pursued in therapy must have an increased potential to inhibit the replication of this virus. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this article was to describe the most current drug therapies and their mechanisms of action used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this article, we have collected the latest information and multilingual international scientific discoveries about the treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS: Several compounds can be used to treat COVID-19 in order to reduce the duration of the disease and the rate of infection, to reduce the viral load, to prevent tissue damage, to stimulate the maturation of many cells, including immune cells in the human body and to reduce its severe symptoms. The most effective treatments were based on the antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics drugs, glycopeptide antibiotics, anticoagulants, vitamin C and vitamin D. The simplest and most direct approach to controlling SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks is the use of passive antibodies transferred from plasma to convalescent patients. Recently, studies have been completed for several vaccines that are approved against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION: Scientists around the world are collaborating and innovating to make tests, treatments and vaccines available to the public that will save lives collectively and end this pandemic.

Acquisition of Maternal Antibodies both from the Placenta and by Lactation Protects Mouse Offspring from Yersinia pestis Challenge

ABSTRACTArtificially passive immunization has been demonstrated to be effective againstYersinia pestisinfection in animals. However, maternal antibodies' protective efficacy against plague has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the kinetics, protective efficacy, and transmission modes of maternal antibodies, using mice immunized with plague subunit vaccine SV1 (20 μg of F1 and 10 μg of rV270). The results showed that the rV270- and F1-specific antibodies could be detected in the sera of newborn mice (NM) until 10 and 14 weeks of age, respectively. There was no antibody titer difference between the parturient mice immunized with SV1 (PM-S) and the caesarean-section newborns (CSN) from the PM-S or between the lactating mice immunized by SV1 (LM-S) and the cross-fostered mice (CFM) during 3 weeks of lactation. The NM had a 72% protection against 4,800 CFUY. pestisstrain 141 challenge at 6 weeks of age, whereas at 14 weeks of age, NM all succumbed to 5,700 CFU ofY. pestischallenge. After 7 weeks of age, CFM had an 84% protection against 5,000 CFU ofY. pestischallenge. These results indicated that maternal antibodies induced by the plague subunit vaccine in mother mice can be transferred to NM by both placenta and lactation. Passive antibodies from the immunized mothers could persist for 3 months and provide early protection for NM. The degree of early protection is dependent on levels of the passively acquired antibody. The results indicate that passive immunization should be an effective countermeasure against plague during its epidemics.