ASPECTOS DA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PESCADO NA FEIRA MUNICIPAL DE CORURIPE – ALAGOAS

ASPECTS OF FISH COMMERCIALIZATION IN THE MUNICIPAL FAIR OF CORURIPE – ALAGOASASPECTOS DE LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL PESCADO EN LA FERIA MUNICIPAL DE CORURIPE – ALAGOASRESUMOA comercialização de pescados nos pequenos municípios da região Nordeste está historicamente associada às feiras livres. Nesse cenário, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar a comercialização de pescados na feira livre de Coruripe (AL) por meio de visitas de campos e questionários semiestruturados que avaliaram os feirantes, os produtos comercializados e os aspectos higiênico-sanitários dos postos de venda. De um total de 1.152 boxes disponíveis na feira, foram contabilizados 70 ocupados pela venda de pescados. Os dados indicaram que os comerciantes apresentam, em sua maioria, o seguinte perfil: são mulheres, têm idade entre 40 e 59 anos, possuem baixa escolaridade, trabalham na atividade há mais de 20 anos e têm na feira sua principal fonte de renda. A partir das entrevistas, evidenciou-se que a ocupação de feirante está intrinsecamente vinculada com a cultura das comunidades pesqueiras locais. Quanto ao comércio, uma ampla variedade de espécies, sobretudo marinhas, é negociada (peixes, crustáceos, moluscos). A conservação do pescado é simples, geralmente com gelo, e o beneficiamento é realizado no momento da compra.Palavras-chave: Feiras Livres; Pesca Artesanal; Cadeia Produtiva do Pescado.ABSTRACTThe sale of fish in small municipalities in the Northeast region is historically associated with open markets. In this scenario, the present work aimed to characterize the commercialization of fish in the open market in Coruripe (AL) through field visits and semi-structured questionnaires that evaluated the marketers, the products sold, and the hygienic-sanitary aspects of the points of sale. From a total of 1,152 boxes available at the fair, 70 were occupied by the sale of fish. The data indicated that most merchants have the following profile: they are women, aged between 40 and 59 years, have low education, work in the activity for over 20 years, and have their main source of income at the fair. Based on the interviews, it became clear that the occupation of market stalls is intrinsically linked to the culture of local fishing communities. As for trade, a wide variety of species, especially marine ones, are traded (fish, crustaceans, mollusks). Fish conservation is simple, usually with ice, and processing is carried out at the time of purchase.Keywords: Free Fairs; Artisanal Fishing; Fish Production Chain.RESUMENLa comercialización de pescado en los pequeños pueblos de la región Nordeste se basa históricamente en los mercados libres. En este escenario, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la comercialización de pescado en el mercado libre de Coruripe (AL) a través de visitas de campo y cuestionarios semiestructurados que evaluaban a los comercializadores, los productos vendidos y los aspectos higiénico-sanitarios de los puntos de venta. De un total de 1.152 cajas disponibles en la feria, 70 fueron ocupadas por la venta de pescado. Los datos indicaron que la mayoría de comerciantes tienen el siguiente perfil: son mujeres, tienen entre 40 y 59 años, tienen baja educación, trabajan en la actividad desde hace más de 20 años y tienen su principal fuente de ingresos en la feria. A partir de las entrevistas, quedó claro que la ocupación de puestos de mercado está intrínsecamente vinculada a la cultura de las comunidades pesqueras locales. En cuanto al comercio, se comercializan una amplia variedad de especies, especialmente marinas (peces, crustáceos, moluscos). La conservación del pescado es sencilla, generalmente con hielo, y el procesamiento se realiza en el momento de la compra.Palabras clave: Ferias Gratuitas; Pesca Artesanal; Cadena de Producción Pesquera.

Diversité de l’ichtyofaune de la rivière Djerem : impact du barrage de Mbakaou et enjeux pour la conservation des poissons dans le Parc National du Mbam et Djerem (Cameroun)

L’anthropisation intensive du bassin de la Sanaga impose une accélération des recherches sur la biodiversité et la conservation de ses ressources aquatiques. Dans ce contexte, l’ichtyofaune d’un segment du fleuve Djerem a été étudiée en vue d’identifier les déterminants environnementaux de sa distribution et de sa conservation. Trois stations situées respectivement en amont de la retenue d’eau de Mbakaou, au milieu de ce réservoir et en aval dans le Parc National du Mbam et Djérem (PNMD) ont été retenues pour ce travail. A la suite de l’échantillonnage par pêche d’avril à octobre 2015, l’étude taxonomique des poissons et de leurs habitats a révélé la présence de 44 espèces appartenant à 28 genres et à 13 familles. L’ichtyofaune du PNMD s’est montrée la plus diversifiée (33 espèces), dépourvue d’espèces invasives, avec une prédominance d’invertivores (50,3%) et de pondeurs sur substrats divers (60,9%). Celle du réservoir de Mbakaou a été la moins diversifiée (12 espèces), avec quatre espèces introduites devenues invasives et une prédominance d’herbivores / détritivores (65,9%). Onze espèces endémiques ont suscité un intérêt pour d’éventuels programmes de conservation des poissons dans le PNMD à cause de leurs habitats restreints et sensibles tandis que 13 autres, toujours endémiques et connues du bassin de la Sanaga, n’ont pas été retrouvées dans la zone étudiée.Mots clés : Sanaga supérieur, poissons, espèces endémiques, espèces invasives, habitats, gestion. English Title: Diversity of the Djerem River ichthyofauna: impact of Mbakaou regulation dam and challenges for fish conservation in the Mbam and Djerem National Park (Cameroun)The intensive anthropization of the Sanaga river basin requires to accelerate research on biodiversity and conservation of its aquatic resources. In this context, the ichthyofauna of a part of the Djerem River has been studied with the aim to know its diversity and identify environmental factors that determine its distribution and conservation. Three stations were sampled from April to October 2015, they were located respectively upstream of the Mbakaou water reservoir, in the Mbakaou reservoir and downstream in the Mbam et Djerem National Park (PNMD). The Fish inventory followed by a taxonomic study and that of their habitats revealed the presence of 44 species belonging to 28 genera and 13 families. The ichthyofauna of PNMD with highest specific richness (33 species) was also devoid of invasive species, with a predominance of invertivorous (50,3%) and substratum egg-scatters (60,9%). The ichtyofauna of the reservoir with lowest specific richness (12 species) contained also four alien species, with a predominance of herbivores / detritivores (65,9%). 11 endemic species were concerned by the possible fish conservation programs in the PNMD due to their restricted and sensitive habitats while 13 other endemic species known from the Sanaga River basin were wanted in the study area.Keywords: Upper Sanaga, fish, endemic species, invasive species, habitats, management

Reconciling fish and farms: Methods for managing California rice fields as salmon habitat

The rearing habitat for juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California, the southernmost portion of their range, has drastically declined throughout the past century. Recently, through cooperative agreements with diverse stakeholders, winter-flooded agricultural rice fields in California’s Central Valley have emerged as promising habitat for rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon. From 2013 to 2016, we conducted a series of experiments examining methods for rearing fall-run Chinook Salmon on winter-flooded rice fields in the Yolo Bypass, a modified floodplain of the Sacramento River in California. These included: 1) influence of field substrate differences from previous season rice harvest; 2) effects of depth refugia from avian predators (trenches); 3) field drainage methods to promote efficient egress of fish; and 4) in-field salmon survivorship over time. Zooplankton (fish food) in the winter-flooded rice fields were 53-150x more abundant when directly compared to the adjacent Sacramento River. Correspondingly, somatic growth rates of juvenile hatchery-sourced fall-run Chinook Salmon stocked in rice fields were two to five times greater versus fish in the adjacent Sacramento River. Post-harvest field substrate treatments had little effect on the lower trophic food web and had an insignificant effect on growth rates of in-field salmon. Though depth refugia did not directly increase survival, it buffered maximum water temperatures in the trenches and facilitated outmigration from fields during draining. Rapid field drainage methods yielded the highest survival and were preferable to drawn-out drainage methods. High initial mortality immediately after stocking was observed in the survival over time experiment with stable and high survival after the first week. In-field survival ranged 7.4–61.6% and increased over the course of the experiments. Despite coinciding with the most extreme drought in California’s recorded history, which elevated water temperatures and reduced the regional extent of adjacent flooded habitats which concentrated avian predators, the adaptive research framework enabled incremental improvements in design to increase survival. The abundance of food resources and exceptionally high growth rates observed during these experiments illustrate the benefits associated with reconciling off-season agricultural land use with fish conservation practices. Without any detriment to flood control or agricultural yield, there is great promise for reconciliation ecology between agricultural floodplains and endangered fish conservation where minor alterations to farm management practices could greatly enhance the effectiveness of fish conservation outcomes.

Reconciling fish and farms: Methods for managing California rice fields as salmon habitat

The rearing habitat for juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California, the southernmost portion of their range, has drastically declined throughout the past century. Recently, through cooperative agreements with diverse stakeholders, winter-flooded agricultural rice fields in California’s Central Valley have emerged as promising habitat for rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon. From 2013 to 2016, we conducted a series of experiments examining methods for rearing fall-run Chinook Salmon on winter-flooded rice fields in the Yolo Bypass, a modified floodplain of the Sacramento River in California. These included: 1) influence of field substrate differences from previous season rice harvest; 2) effects of depth refugia from avian predators (trenches); 3) field drainage methods to promote efficient egress of fish; and 4) in-field salmon survivorship over time. Zooplankton (fish food) in the winter-flooded rice fields were 53-150x more abundant when directly compared to the adjacent Sacramento River. Correspondingly, somatic growth rates of juvenile hatchery-sourced fall-run Chinook Salmon stocked in rice fields were two to five times greater versus fish in the adjacent Sacramento River. Post-harvest field substrate treatments had little effect on the lower trophic food web and had an insignificant effect on growth rates of in-field salmon. Though depth refugia did not directly increase survival, it buffered maximum water temperatures in the trenches and facilitated outmigration from fields during draining. Rapid field drainage methods yielded the highest survival and were preferable to drawn-out drainage methods. High initial mortality immediately after stocking was observed in the survival over time experiment with stable and high survival after the first week. In-field survival ranged 7.4–61.6% and increased over the course of the experiments. Despite coinciding with the most extreme drought in California’s recorded history, which elevated water temperatures and reduced the regional extent of adjacent flooded habitats which concentrated avian predators, the adaptive research framework enabled incremental improvements in design to increase survival. The abundance of food resources and exceptionally high growth rates observed during these experiments illustrate the benefits associated with reconciling off-season agricultural land use with fish conservation practices. Without any detriment to flood control or agricultural yield, there is great promise for reconciliation ecology between agricultural floodplains and endangered fish conservation where minor alterations to farm management practices could greatly enhance the effectiveness of fish conservation outcomes.