MULTILEVEL SEBAGAI ANALISA PENDAPATAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI PROVINSI ACEH

Studies the influence of the MSME sector and regional categorical factors is often overlooked, so in this case a simple regression can be improved through classifying similar data sets and being handled properly. Therefore, to increase understanding of the factors that affect the income of MSMEs, it must be considered by looking at the relationship between the categories of the MSME sector and different districts / cities (regions) especially in Aceh Province. One of the analysis models suitable for MSME data is multilevel regression analysis. The purpose of this multilevel regression analysis is to form a regression model on the amount of MSME income in Aceh Province where individual level 1 business owners with factors of type of business, number of workers and amount of capital, are nested in the level 2 MSME sector, nesting in level 3 districts / cities. The data used are UMKM data obtained from the Aceh Cooperative and UMKM Service. The data were processed and analysed using the R-Studio software. The results showed that the type of mining, agriculture and livestock businesses had a significant negative effect of 5% on the income of MSMEs in Aceh Province, while the types of transportation, capital and labor businesses had a significant positive effect of 5%. The measure of suitability of the 3-level regression model obtained deviance, AIC and BIC, respectively, is 22,571, 22,585 and 22,636.

When Unnecessary Tasks Weigh Heavily on the Back: A Diary Study on Musculoskeletal Pain

Background: Auxiliary tasks such as administrative work often include tasks that are unnecessary in the view of workers but still have to be done. These tasks can threaten a worker’s self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of unnecessary and unreasonable tasks on musculoskeletal pain. Methods: Fifty-five office workers (29 male; mean age = 41.96, SD = 14.2 years) reported their unnecessary and unreasonable tasks at the beginning of the study and kept a diary of their daily musculoskeletal pain over 5 weeks, using a visual analogue scale. Other work-related risk factors (prolonged sitting), job resources (participation in decision-making), and individual risk factors (sex, smoking, exercise, body mass index, maladaptive back beliefs) were controlled for in multilevel regression analysis. Findings: Multilevel regression analysis with 742 reports showed unnecessary tasks ( B = 4.27, p = .006)—but not unreasonable tasks ( B = 3.05, p = .074)—to predict the daily intensity of musculoskeletal pain, beyond other significant risk factors, such as prolonged sitting ( B = 2.06, p = .039), body mass index ( B = 1.52, p < .001), and maladaptive back beliefs ( B = 3.78, p = .003). Participation in decision-making was not a significant protective factor ( B = −1.67, p = .176). Conclusions/Application to Practice: The higher frequency of unnecessary tasks—compared with unreasonable tasks—could place workers at risk for musculoskeletal pain. Work redesign that reduces unnecessary and unreasonable tasks can make a valuable contribution to worker health and safety among office workers.

Religion and everyday cosmopolitanism among religious and non-religious urban youth

While there is ample research on everyday cosmopolitanism, the relation with religion is less understood. This study examines the difference in everyday cosmopolitanism between Muslim, Christian and non-religious urban youth. Further, it studies the influence of religiosity, religious identification and perceived discrimination on cosmopolitanism. A one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted on data from 1039 students in 17 secondary schools in the super-diverse city of Antwerp. Multilevel regression analysis was conducted on a sample of Muslim ( n = 496) and Christian ( n = 225) youth. The results indicate no difference between religious and non-religious youth regarding their everyday cosmopolitanism. Moreover, for Muslim youth, intrinsic religiosity is positively associated with cosmopolitan orientations, while religious identification and discrimination negatively effect cosmopolitanism. For Christian youth, religious factors do not explain their cosmopolitan orientations. Overall, the article suggests that scholars and policy makers should discuss the potential of religion to foster cosmopolitan orientations.