Mobile-Based Application: The Designation of Energy Saving Smart Light System for Monitoring and Controlling

<p class="0abstract">The use of lights are the command sources in our life, anytime and everywhere. On trending of demands, the alternative sources are important to increase the satisfaction on user requirement. While, saving energy is another issue to be considered on the light system designation. Therefore, this research provides the details on the implementation of the smart lamp with controlled light system based on Arduino and mobile application usage to save the energy. Smart lamp is a finest way to minimize and preserve light with the remote system in order to monitor and control the brightness of light. This research is created to design the energy saving smart light system via mobile application and devices. It is a minor prototype that is fully automated and controlled by Arduino board. The designation begin with identification of input of LDR sensor, PIR sensor and circuit setting. Next, the integration of hardware and software is implemented for Arduino program, mobile application and the devices. Lastly, the testing process is executed and the data is collected and analysed. The overall system has been experimentally validated with the scenario as setup. Through monitoring and controlling the light in such a way is always accurately matched to the actual need that allows to save on the energy usage and costs, as well as to improve the human comfort and efficiency.</p>

A Novel Command Signal for Motor Neuroprosthetic Control

Background. Neuroprostheses can restore functions such as hand grasp or standing to individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) using electrical stimulation to elicit movements in paralyzed muscles. Implanted neuroprostheses currently use electromyographic (EMG) activity from muscles above the lesion that remain under volitional control as a command input. Systems in development use a networked approach and will allow for restoration of multiple functions but will require additional command signals to control the system, especially in individuals with high-level tetraplegia. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using muscles innervated below the injury level as command sources for a neuroprosthesis. Recent anatomical and physiological studies have demonstrated the presence of intact axons across the lesion, even in those diagnosed with a clinically complete SCI; hence, EMG activity may be present in muscles with no sign of movement. Methods. Twelve participants with motor complete SCI were enrolled and EMG was recorded with surface electrodes from 8 muscles below the knee in each leg. Results. Significant activity was evident in 89% of the 192 muscles studied during attempted movements of the foot and lower limb. At least 2 muscles from each participant were identified as potential command signals for a neuroprosthesis based on 2-state, threshold classification. Conclusions. Results suggest that voluntary activity is present and recordable in below lesion muscles even after clinically complete SCI.