MICROFOSSILS AS EVIDENCE OF TRASFORMATION OF GEOSYSTEMS DURING MEDIEVAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH PRIMORYE (FORTRESS STEKLYANUKHA-2)

Представлены результаты изучения спорово-пыльцевых спектров и диатомовых водорослей в разрезах отложений в пределах средневвекового городища Стеклянуха 2. Восстановлена палеоландшафтная ситуация и выделены признаки антропогенного воздействия на растительность. Палиноспектры из поверхностной почвы отражают активное сельскохозяйственное освоение близлежащих речных долин со второй половины XIXвека. Изучение диатомовых водорослей в древнем котловане подтвердило предположение, что его использовали для хранения запасов воды. The results of pollen spectra and diatoms study within the middle-century settlement of Steklyanukha 2 are presented. The paleolandscape situation was restored and signs of anthropogenic impact on vegetation were identified. Pollen from surface soil reflect the active agricultural development of nearby river valleys from the second half of the 19th century. A study of diatom algae in an ancient pit confirmed the assumption that it was used to store water reserves.

THE LOWER SILURIAN TERRIGENOUS DEPOSITS OF THE LAOELING-GRODEKOVO TERRANE (SOUTH PRIMORYE): MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND FORMATION SETTINGS

This paper studies the original results of the material composition analysis of the Early Silurian terrigenous deposits of the Kordonka formation of the Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic Laoeling-Grodekovo terrane of the South Primorye. The research is aimed at reconstructing paleogeodynamic setting of the deposition of sediments of the formation, and determining the type and mother rock composition of the feed sources based on the complex genetic interpretation of the material composition of rocks. It was established that mineralogically and geochemically formation of the rocks correspond to the typical graywackes and represent petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks formed mainly through the source rock failure. They are characterized by a low maturity, low lithodynamic recycling rate of mother rocks and their rapid burial. The interpretation of the results of the complex study of the material composition of the rocks was carried out on the basis of its comparison with the compositions of ancient rocks and modern sediments formed in the well-known geodynamic settings. The obtained data indicate that deposits of the Kordonka formation accumulated in a sedimentary basin connected with an oceanic island arc. Being built by basic and intermediate volcanic rocks as well as by igneous and sedimentary rocks that constituted its base, this island arc was the source area that supplied clastic material to the aforementioned sedimentary basin.

Транзитный потенциал Северного морского пути

Статья предлагает авторский взгляд на логистические особенности Северо-Восточного Китая и возможности, которые в связи с этим открываются для России. Будучи владельцем двух крупных транспортных путей железнодорожного в виде Транссибирской магистрали и водного в виде Северного морского пути, Россия может оказать помощь в развитии этого региона к взаимной выгоде обеих стран. Логистические издержки, которые ограничивают движение товарных потоков из Северо-Восточных провинций Китая на свободные рынки, могут быть существенно уменьшены при разумном использовании возможностей портов юга Приморья, что приведет к повышению уровня жизни в этих провинциях, снижению демографического давления на Россию со стороны Китая и в целом к дальнейшему процветанию и росту безопасности макрорегиона Дальний Восток России Северо-Восток Китая. Рассмотрены ранее неиспользованные возможности для развития транзитного потенциала Северного морского пути. Обеспечение этих возможностей требует реализации ряда мероприятий, которые включают меры по развитию портов и логистики Северного морского пути.The article offers the authors view on the logistical issues of Northeast China and the opening opportunities for Russia. Being the owner of two major transport routes - the railway road in the form of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the waterway in the form of the Northern Sea Route, Russia can assist in the development of this Chinese region to the mutual benefit of both countries. Logistical costs that limit the movement of goods flow from the Northeastern provinces of China to the free markets can be significantly reduced with a reasonable use of the capabilities of the ports in the South Primorye. The forthcoming outcome is the increase in living standards in these provinces and the reduction in the demographic tension to Russia from the side of China and, in general, the further prosperity and the growth of security in the macro-region including Russian Far East and Northeast China. Unused opportunities for developing of the transit potential of the Northern Sea Route are considered. Providing these opportunities requires the implementation of the complex measures including development of ports and logistics of the Northern Sea Route.

Restoration of ecological and geological systems of disturbed lands of South Primorye

The restoration of plant ecosystems of brown coal dumps in the stepped areas of South Primorye occurs in two ways: 1) by reclamation; 2) by overgrowing. Only 2% of disturbed lands undergo reclamation, the rest is overgrowth. Spontaneous restoration of ground cover is the least promising, since it does not provide the formation of stable successions. The way out of this situation is the controlled contagious introduction of diasporas of species typical for a given habitat in combination with the necessary microflora.