STRUCTURAL PATTERNS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE QURANIC SCENE، A READING IN THE PURPOSES OF SHARIA

The Holy Qur’an is the Book of God Almighty، and He described it، Glory be to Him, with several descriptions, and He told about it that it is a book that needs contemplation that leads you to the goal of the intended verses, and you think about the verses، rather the wall، to come up with a conception of it. The event, rather, depicts it from its different angles, and that is the camera in the Holy Qur’an, as it paints for us a vivid scene that pulsates with life in which all the meanings of life are dialogues and embodiment of what is not in a body, a chemical substance or a physical space. The place is separate from the time, but the study of the scene is fragmented, with a metaphor here or a metaphor there, this kills the scene and takes it out of its beauty. For this reason, the choice was made to study the scene in the Holy Qur’an، in order to clarify the beauty of the Holy Qur’an that is not limited to the verbal only, but comes out in the word to what is embodied، reasonable and metaphysical. This research is based on an introduction in which I talked about the scene in language and terminology, then she added to talk about the role of some linguists in approximating the term scene. As for the requirements of the research, the first of them is devoted to the study of material examples, as the importance of the material aspect in nature in general is mentioned in it, and this is supported by texts from the Noble Qur’an. As for the second، it was to study the moral examples، so I talked about the abstract morals, which are the perceptions of the mind, which do not possess tangible or tangible entities, and I included them with some examples of what was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an as well. As for the third, it was to study the unseen examples, in which I dealt with talking about the unseen، which is everything that is absent from man, corroborating that with what was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an. Finally, I say: This is a humble work in its chapter whose goal is to serve the word of God Almighty.

Contributing to Historical-Structural Injustice via Morally Wrong Acts

Alasia Nuti’s important recent book, Injustice and the Reproduction of History: Structural Inequalities, Gender and Redress (2019), makes many persuasive interventions. Nuti shows how structural injustice theory is enriched by being explicitly historical; in theorizing historical-structural injustice, she lays bare the mechanisms of how the injustices of history reproduce themselves. For Nuti, historical-structural patterns are not only shaped by habitual behaviors that are or appear to be morally permissible, but also by individual wrongdoing and wrongdoing by powerful group agents like states. In this article, I extend Nuti’s rich analysis, focusing on two questions that arise from her theory of historical-structural injustice: (1) Beyond being blameworthy for wrongful acts themselves, are culpable wrongdoers blameworthy for contributing to structural injustice? (2) Does historical moral ignorance mitigate moral responsibility for past injustice? Regarding (1), I distinguish between the local and societal structural effects of wrongdoing. Though I think this distinction is well-founded, it ultimately leads to tensions with structural injustice theory’s idea of ordinary individuals being blameless for reproducing unjust structures. Regarding (2), I argue that even though it is natural for the question of historical moral ignorance to arise in considering past wrongdoing, at least in the case of powerful group agents, we should not overlook forms of cruelty which present-day moral concepts are not needed to condemn.

Integrated Cells and Collagen Fibers Spatial Image Analysis

Modern technologies designed for tissue structure visualization like brightfield microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, mass cytometry imaging (MCI) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provide large amounts of quantitative and spatial information about cells and tissue structures like vessels, bronchioles etc. Many published reports have demonstrated that the structural features of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and their interactions strongly predict disease development and progression. Computational image analysis methods in combination with spatial analysis and machine learning can reveal novel structural patterns in normal and diseased tissue. Here, we have developed a Python package designed for integrated analysis of cells and ECM in a spatially dependent manner. The package performs segmentation, labeling and feature analysis of ECM fibers, combines this information with pre-generated single-cell based datasets and realizes cell-cell and cell-fiber spatial analysis. To demonstrate performance and compatibility of our computational tool, we integrated it with a pipeline designed for cell segmentation, classification, and feature analysis in the KNIME analytical platform. For validation, we used a set of mouse mammary gland tumors and human lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples stained for multiple cellular markers and collagen as the main ECM protein. The developed package provides sufficient performance and precision to be used as a novel method to investigate cell-ECM relationships in the tissue, as well as detect structural patterns correlated with specific disease outcomes.

Association of Cervical and Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Composition Using Texture Analysis of MR-Based Proton Density Fat Fraction Maps

In this study, the associations of cervical and lumbar paraspinal musculature based on a texture analysis of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) maps were investigated to identify gender- and anatomical location-specific structural patterns. Seventy-nine volunteers (25 men, 54 women) participated in the present study (mean age ± standard deviation: men: 43.7 ± 24.6 years; women: 37.1 ± 14.0 years). Using manual segmentations of the PDFF maps, texture analysis was performed and texture features were extracted. A significant difference in the mean PDFF between men and women was observed in the erector spinae muscle (p < 0.0001), whereas the mean PDFF did not significantly differ in the cervical musculature and the psoas muscle (p > 0.05 each). Among others, Variance(global) and Kurtosis(global) showed significantly higher values in men than in women in all included muscle groups (p < 0.001). Not only the mean PDFF values (p < 0.001) but also Variance(global) (p < 0.001), Energy (p < 0.001), Entropy (p = 0.01), Homogeneity (p < 0.001), and Correlation (p = 0.037) differed significantly between the three muscle compartments. The cervical and lumbar paraspinal musculature composition seems to be gender-specific and has anatomical location-specific structural patterns.